Access to roads enable all sectors of the economy to prosper
文 董雨 田大菊
要想富，先修路！这句耳熟能详的中国俗语，被“一带一路”建设者带到世界各地，并付诸生动实践。
在刚果（布），中国建设者用时8年，建成了全长580公里的刚果（布）国家1号公路。自公路开通后，刚果（布）90%以上的重要物资、矿产、森林资源的进出口都通过这条公路运输到黑角港，带动当地GDP增长了69%。
在埃塞俄比亚，中企在非洲建设的第一条全产业链“走出去”的电气化铁路——亚吉铁路，自2018年正式投入商业运营以来，运能每年提高25%至30%。截至2021年底，亚吉铁路累计运送旅客约30万人次。
在巴基斯坦，2020年12月，全长近400公里的“中巴经济走廊”最大交通基础设施——巴基斯坦PKM高速公路项目（苏库尔—木尔坦段）通车。截至2022年7月，已累计通行车辆超过1000万辆，打通了巴基斯坦中部南北交通大动脉。
在中国和老挝，凝聚了无数建设者心血与汗水的中老铁路自2021年12月通车以来，国际货运总值突破100亿元人民币，黄金大通道作用愈发凸显，成为地区互联互通的加速器和经济合作的新引擎。
此外，还有埃及斋月十日城轻轨、柬埔寨金港高速公路……一条条道路，像奔涌的“大动脉”为当地发展注入源源不断的活力。
9年多来，在“一带一路”建设持续推进的过程中，除了这些“高大上”的项目外，还有许多“小而美”的惠民小路，这些小路好似“大动脉”末端的“毛细血管”，把发展的动力辐射至千家万户。
To get rich, you must first build roads! This familiar Chinese proverb has been brought to the world and put into practice by the Belt and Road builders.
In the Democratic Republic of Congo, it took Chinese builders eight years to complete the 580km-long National Highway No. 1 of the country. Since the operation of the road, more than 90% of the import and export of important materials, minerals and forest resources in the Democratic Republic of Congo have been transported to the Port of Pointe Noire via this road, contributing to a 69% increase in local GDP.
In Ethiopia, the transport capacity of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway, the first electrified railroad built by Chinese enterprises in Africa with the whole industry chain, has increased by 25% to 30% per year since it was officially put into operation in 2018. By the end of 2021, the Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway has provided services to approximately 300,000 passengers.
In Pakistan, the PKM highway project (Sukkur-Multan section), the largest transportation infrastructure in the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) with a total length of nearly 400km, was opened to traffic in December 2020. As of July 2022, the highway has seen more than 10 million vehicles, opening up a major north-south transportation corridor in central Pakistan.
In China and Laos, the China-Laos Railway, which has been built with the painstaking efforts of countless builders, has exceeded 10 billion yuan in total international freight value since its opening in December 2021, and the role of the golden corridor has become more and more prominent. It has become an accelerator for regional connectivity and a new engine for economic cooperation.
In addition, there is the 10th of Ramadan Railway in Egypt and the Golden Port Expressway in Cambodia. The roads, like the “arteries”, pump a steady stream of vitality into the local development.
For more than 9 years, in the continuous construction of the Belt and Road, in addition to these large-scale projects, there are many small roads built for the benefit of the local people. These “small roads” are like “capillaries” at the end of the arteries, bringing the engine of development to everyone.
印度尼西亚的工人们对咖啡豆进行分类
在印尼，有方便出行的暖心路
In Indonesia, there are convenient roads for travel
优美的海岸线、热情的海滩、葱郁的棕榈林……在无数旅游爱好者的心中，有着“千岛之国”美誉的印度尼西亚是一个美丽富饶的国度，这里盛产的燕窝、棕榈油、咖啡、香料等产品远销海内外，颇受消费者青睐。
2022年11月16日，在建设中克服了诸多困难后，一条凝聚着无数建设者心血的高速铁路试验运行成功，这就是雅万高铁。作为印尼和东南亚第一条高铁，雅万高铁通车后，雅加达和万隆之间的出行时间将由过去的3个多小时缩短至40分钟，并带动沿线土地开发、旅游、农产品出口等多领域发展。
其实，最早享受到雅万高铁“红利”的，要数项目驻地周边的居民。
在中国中铁印尼雅万高铁4号制梁场项目驻地周边，几个村的村道年久失修，路面坑洼不平，两辆摩托车交会都困难。村道不畅通，给村民出行带来极大不便。
建设初期，4号制梁场规划临建用地中间有一条东西向横穿梁场的村道，连接当地02村和04村。这条不足1米宽，约550米长的村道路况堪忧，却是村民往来的重要通道。部分村民担心，道路因建设梁场无法继续通行，对在此设立制梁场很有意见，这给项目推进带来了不小阻力。
这一情况很快就被驻地建设者注意到，“为了增进友谊与理解，我们项目团队先后给周边3个村出资修建村路。”项目党支部书记李金照回忆道。本着入乡随俗的态度，在充分尊重当地居民生活习惯和风俗文化的基础上，项目部与周边村民保持和谐友好关系，积极履行社会责任，先后给周边3个村资助和修建的村路，总计超过1.8公里。
修建村道这一举措，不仅改善了当地的出行条件，也获得了村民的信任和好评，纷纷同意并支持4号制梁场24小时施工和雅万高铁建设。
村道通了，摩托车多了，村民笑了，中企建设者与村民的心更近了。虽然大部分中企建设者不能与当地村民流畅地对话，但每当听到“China Bagus”（中国好样的），他们心里还是暖暖的。
“在当地村民眼里，一条条村道是至关重要的民生之路，雅万高铁则是带动经济发展的康庄大道。雅万高铁建设因为我们修的一条条村道，搭建起了中国和印尼两国人民相识相知的友谊之路。”一名建设者如是说道。
The beautiful coastline, the warm beaches, the lush palm forests... In the hearts of many travel enthusiasts, Indonesia, known as the “Land of a Thousand Islands”, is a beautiful and fertile country where bird’s nest, palm oil, coffee, spices and other products are sold at home and abroad and are popular among consumers.
On November 16, 2022, after surviving many difficulties during the construction, a high-speed railroad with the hard work of numerous builders was successfully launched on a test run. This is the Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway. As the first high-speed railway in Indonesia and Southeast Asia, the high-speed railway will shorten the travel time between Jakarta and Bandung from more than 3 hours in the past to 40 minutes, and drive the development of many fields along the route, such as land development, tourism and agricultural exports.
The first to enjoy the “dividends” of the Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway is the residents around the project site.
In the surrounding area of the project site of the No.4 girder-making site of Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway of China Railway Group Limited (CREC), the roads of several villages are in disrepair and the surface is uneven, which makes it difficult for two motorcycles to pass each other. The poor condition of the village roads has caused great inconvenience to the villagers.
At the beginning of construction, there was a village road running east-west across the temporary construction site of the No.4 girder-making site, connecting the local villages 02 and 04. The road was less than 1-meter-wide and about 550-meter-long, but it was an important road for villagers. Some villagers were worried that the road could no longer be accessible due to the construction of the girder yard and had a lot of complaints about the location of the girder yard. This brought a lot of obstacles to the project.
This issue was soon brought to the attention of the project builders. “In order to promote friendship and understanding, our project team has funded the construction of village roads for three neighboring villages,” said Li Jinzhao, Party Branch Secretary of the project. With full respect to the living habits and customs and culture of local residents, the project department maintained a harmonious and friendly relationship with the surrounding villagers and actively fulfilled its social responsibility by funding and building village roads for three surrounding villages, totaling 1.8km.
The construction of the village road not only improved the road conditions of the local area but also gained the trust and praise of the villagers. They agreed and supported the construction of the No.4 girder-making site and the Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway.
The village road is opened. There are more motorcycles and the villagers are all smiling. The heart of the Chinese enterprise builders is closer to the villagers. Although most of the Chinese builders are unable to speak directly with the local villagers fluently, their hearts are warm whenever they hear “China Bagus”(China is good).
“In the eyes of local villagers, a village road is a vital road for people’s livelihood, and the Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway is an avenue that drives economic development. The construction of the Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway has built a road of friendship between the people of China and Indonesia thanks to the village roads we built,” said a builder.
肯尼亚高速公路
在卢旺达，有增收致富的幸福路
In Rwanda, there are happy roads to increasing income and wealth
“如果下雨，道路就像河流一样，曾经还发生过许多交通事故。”斯佩达拉是卢旺达胡耶市的居民，她对以前糟糕的路况记忆犹新。
如今，这里已经发生了翻天覆地的变化，一条平坦宽阔的双向沥青公路，犹如一条丝带般沿着连绵起伏的山丘蜿蜒向前，将村庄和城镇连缀成片。这条公路，就是卢旺达南部地区的重要城际公路——卢旺达胡耶66公里公路。
卢旺达素有“千丘之国”之称，是一个典型的内陆国家，国土面积不大，公路是当地最重要的交通基础设施。南部省是卢旺达高山茶的主要产区，急需一条串联农场与城市的现代化公路。胡耶公路应运而生，它是中卢两国共建“一带一路”的重要项目之一，也是连接卢旺达、布隆迪、刚果（金）至坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆港口中线走廊的重要组成部分，由中国电建进行升级改造。
在2019年3月29日举行的项目开工典礼上，中国驻卢旺达使馆经商参赞王嘉欣表示，胡耶公路项目的实施将对卢旺达区域交通和农业经济发展起到重要的促进作用，必将成为中卢合作新的里程碑。
随着公路主体工程顺利完工，道路的积极作用日益凸显，当地老百姓深有体会。
“以前交通条件差，茶叶运输是个大问题。现在可以及时把新鲜的好茶叶运出去，销路越来越好。”卡曼兹是卢旺达的茶商，他拍着身旁的新车表示：“卖茶使收入增加了不少，茶农们的收入也涨了，生活越来越好。”
驾车行驶在胡耶公路上，能看到沿途大片葱郁的茶园，茶园里还有正在采茶的茶农，货车、摩托车、自行车和头顶货物的行人来来往往、络绎不绝。
胡耶公路从根本上改善了当地的交通条件，降低了物流运输成本，给当地创造了商业机会，在种植户与工厂之间架起了直供渠道，缓解了当地农户产品难卖、难运和价低的现实问题，成为一条能带动当地老百姓致富增收的幸福路。
“If it rains, the roads will look like rivers. There have been many traffic accidents.” Spedala, a resident of Huye, Rwanda, had vivid memories of the “bad road conditions”.
Today, things have changed dramatically, with a flat, wide, two-way asphalt road winding like a ribbon along the rolling hills, linking villages and towns. This road is the 66km Road in Huye, Rwanda, an important intercity road in the southern region of Rwanda.
Rwanda, known as the “Land of a Thousand Hills”, is a typical landlocked country with a small land area. Roads are its most important transportation infrastructure. Southern Province (Province du Sud), the main production area of Rwanda’s high mountain tea, is in dire need of a modern road linking farms to cities. The Huye Highway was thus built. It is one of the important projects of the Belt and Road jointly built by China and Rwanda, and is also an important part of the mid-line corridor connecting Rwanda, Burundi and Congo (DRC) to the port of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. It is upgraded by PowerChina.
At the opening ceremony held on March 29, 2019, Wang Jiaxin, Economic and Commercial Counselor of the Chinese Embassy in Rwanda, said that the project of Huye Highway will play an important role in promoting the development of Rwanda’s regional transportation and agricultural economy, and will definitely become a new milestone of China-Rwanda cooperation.
With the successful completion of the main project of the road, the positive effect of the road is increasingly prominent. The local people are well aware of this.
“In the past, the traffic conditions were poor and tea transportation was a big problem. Now we can ship out fresh and good tea leaves in time, and the sales are getting better and better.” Kamanz, a tea merchant in Rwanda, patted the new car beside him and said, “The income has increased a lot because of selling tea and the income of tea farmers has gone up. Life is getting better and better.”
Driving on the 66-kilometer highway in Huye, one can see vast areas of lush tea plantations along the way. In the tea plantations, there are tea farmers who are picking tea leaves. Trucks, motorcycles, bicycles and pedestrians with goods on their heads come and go.
Huye Highway fundamentally improves local traffic conditions, reduces logistics and transportation costs, and creates business opportunities for the local community. It sets up a direct supply channel between growers and factories and alleviates the problems faced by local farmers who find it difficult to sell and transport goods and have to sell them at low prices. The road is becoming a happy road that can lead the local people to prosperity and high incomes.
中企参建的肯尼亚高速公路项目
在肯尼亚，有脱贫奔康的产业路
In Kenya, there is an industrial road out of poverty and into prosperity
同样饱受出行困扰的，还有肯尼亚的居民。在当地，很多贫困地区的基础设施建设不完善，城乡间也多为非硬化道路，居民出行困难，极大阻碍了当地经济社会发展。
凯米莉居住在肯尼亚西南部瓦辛基苏郡埃尔多雷特市附近的乡村，以务农为生。以前，她要挑着上百公斤自家种植的玉米去城里卖，光路上就得走一天一夜。遇到雨季，道路泥泞湿滑，出门一趟更不容易。
为了改善交通条件，肯尼亚政府于2014年提出“一万公里公路建设计划”，计划通过5年时间修建1万公里公路，以提升国内交通基础设施水平。几年来，中国电建、中石化等多家中资企业中标并参与、承建了多条公路。
肯尼亚乡村公路444标段是中国电建在肯尼亚“一万公里公路建设计划”中标承接的公路项目，为旧路升级改造。项目位于肯尼亚西部，穿过埃尔格约·马拉奎特、瓦辛基苏两郡，全长29.3公里，路宽7米，由两条支路组成。
凯米莉家就靠近该标段第二条支路，公路通车后，她经常搭乘公共巴士进城，出行时间大大缩短，更多的农产品被卖到了城里。如今，她还打算学习使用互联网，希望为自家农产品打开更广销路。她说：“这条公路拉近了乡村与城市的距离。”
444标段通车后不久，位于肯尼亚西部博美特郡Chebole镇附近的RWC111乡村公路也顺利“开跑”，这同样是肯尼亚“一万公里公路建设计划”中的一个项目，全长65公里，为双向两车道。
“这条路我跑了十年，现在路修好了，一天能多跑五六趟，钱也挣得多了，感谢中国公司给我们修了这么好的一条路。”Chebole镇长途车司机玛特鲁感激地说。
再后来，RWC103乡村公路通车了，527标段公路也通车了……越来越多乡村公路从动工到建设，再到贯通，使当地居民出行更加便捷，也盘活了当地资源，公路沿线的农作物变成了畅销品，红茶、咖啡、鲜花被及时运输到首都内罗毕或者港口城市。
“小时候背着茶篓卖茶叶被压弯了腰，现在坐在自家门口就可以卖茶，收入也提高了不少！”茶农卡曼乐开了花，日子越来越好，钱包越来越鼓！
Also suffering from travel difficulties are the residents of Kenya. In many poor areas in the region, the infrastructure is not well built, and most of the roads between urban and rural areas are not hardened, making it difficult for residents to travel. This has greatly hindered local economic and social development.
Kemily lives in the countryside near Eldoret, Uasin Gishu County, in southwestern Kenya, and makes her living as a farmer. In the past, she had to carry hundreds of kilograms of home-grown corn to sell in the city, and she had to walk all day and night on the road alone. In the rainy season, the roads were muddy and slippery, so it was not easy to travel far.
To improve transportation conditions, the Kenyan government proposed the “10,000km Roads Project” in 2014, planning to build 10,000km of roads in five years to improve the transportation infrastructure. Over the past few years, many Chinese companies such as PowerChina and Sinopec have won bids and participated in the construction of a number of highways.
Kenya Rural Road Section 444 is a road project undertaken by PowerChina under the “10,000km Roads Project” in Kenya. It is an upgrade of old roads. The project is located in western Kenya and runs through the counties of Elgeyo Marakwet and Uasin Gishu. It is 29.3km long, with a road width of 7m, and consists of two feeder roads.
Kemily’s house is close to the second bypass of that road section, and when the road was opened, she often took the public bus into town, which greatly reduced travel time and brought more of her produce to town. Now, she plans to learn to use the Internet, hoping to open up a wider market for her family’s agricultural products. She said, “this road has brought our countryside closer to the city.”
Shortly after the opening of Section 444, the RWC111 rural road near Chebole, Bomet County, western Kenya, was also opened. This is also one of the projects in Kenya’s “10,000km Roads Project”. It is 65km long, with two lanes in each direction.
“I have been driving on this road for ten years. Now that the road is repaired, I can make five or six more trips a day and earn more money. We are grateful to the Chinese company for building such a good road for us.” Matruh, a coach driver in Chebole town, said gratefully.
Later, the RWC103 rural road was opened to traffic, and the 527 road section was opened to traffic. More and more rural roads are being built and opened, making it easier for local residents to travel and put to use local resources. Crops along the roads have become best-sellers, and black tea, coffee and flowers are transported to the capital Nairobi or port cities in time.
“When I was a child, I carried a tea basket to sell tea and was bent, and now I can sell tea sitting at my own door, and the income has increased a lot!” Karman, a tea farmer, was happy. The days are getting better and better and people’s wallets are getting bulging!
来源：《一带一路报道》2023年第1期
编辑：秦粟风
校对：彭钰惜
审核：黄骏
主编：李黎
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