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What happens when a Syrian refugee, an Israeli aid worker and an American Jew walk into a room?
当一个叙利亚难民、一个以色列救援人员和一个美国犹太人同时走进一个房间会发生什么？

No, this is not the start of a really bad joke, I promise.
不，这不是一个糟糕笑话的开头，我保证。

This actually happened to me.
这真的发生在了我身上。

Starting in 2015, I found myself holding a series of secret meetings in various European capitals with a small group of Syrian and Israeli civilians.
从2015年起，我在欧洲各国首都与一小群叙利亚和以色列平民举行了一系列秘密会议。

And we were there to try and figure out how we can get aid to the Syrian people, who were enduring the worst humanitarian crisis since World War II.
我们在那里试图找到向叙利亚人民提供援助的方法，叙利亚人民当时正经历着自二战以来最严重的人道主义危机。

But how did we end up at this table together?
但我们如何让大家聚在一起开会呢？

After all, Syrians and Israelis are sworn enemies.
毕竟，叙利亚人和以色列人是不共戴天的仇人，

And technically they've been in a state of war since 1948.
事实上他们从1948年就开始打仗了。

Yet here we were, literally and figuratively, trying to find a way in.
但是我们就在那儿，从各种意义上都在试图找到一个进入的方法。

And here is the punchline of that bad joke I promised not to tell.
而我保证我今天不说那个糟糕笑话的关键。

We found it.
我们找到了解决问题的方法。

We figured out a way to get aid into Syria through Israel.
我们意识到我们可以通过以色列向叙利亚提供援助。

Now how did we do that?
那我们是怎么做到的呢？

I applied a three-step process that I've used in a bunch of other settings.
我采用了一个三步流程，我在无数的场景中使用过它。

And I'm hoping that those three steps will be useful to any of you,
而且我希望这三步对我们来说有帮助，

who want to do some good in the face of any of the myriad overwhelming conflicts that we're facing today, including Ukraine.
尤其对那些在我们今天所面对的像乌克兰事件一样极其严峻的冲突时，想做好事的人有用。

So what are my three steps?
所以这三步是什么？

Find an entry point, identify a gap, and then find something doable with which to fill that gap.
找到一个切入点，发现其中的缺失部分，并找到一些可行方案来解决它。

It sounds pretty simple, right?
听起来很简单吧？

So let me walk you through it.
让我给你们讲一遍具体过程。

When I read a report on the Syrian war, it hit me very hard and it felt very personal.
一篇关于叙利亚战争的报告深深触动了我，而且我个人特别能感同身受。

I was stunned by the scale of the misery.
这场灾难的规模震惊了我。

And it echoed the suffering of my own family during the Holocaust.
它让我想起了我家在纳粹大屠杀期间遭受的痛苦。

My parents survived concentration camps in Poland and in Hungary.
我的父母在波兰和匈牙利的集中营幸存了下来。

And after the war, we had to flee and we arrived in the US as stateless refugees.
二战后，我们逃离了那里，到美国成了无国籍难民。

So when I saw the destruction of Aleppo, I was put in mind of Budapest, the city of my birth, the bombed out city of my birth.
所以当我看到阿勒颇的毁坏情况时，我想到了布达佩斯，我的出生地，那个饱经炮火洗礼的地方。

And when I read about starvation by siege in Syria, I remembered my own mother who lost a pregnancy lugging a sack of rotten potatoes home.
而当我读到叙利亚被围困后，所出现的饥荒，我想到了我的妈妈，她拖着一袋烂土豆回家时，流产了。

Because there was nothing else to eat.
因为我们没有吃的了。

And when I saw the eviscerated and emaciated corpses of Syrians who had been tortured in Damascus prisons,
当我看到在大马士革监狱里遭受酷刑的叙利亚人瘦骨嶙峋，伤痕累累的尸体时，

I also saw the walking skeletons of Auschwitz, Mauthausen and Bergen-Belsen, where so many of my own family members literally went up in smoke.
我就像看到了在奥斯维辛，毛特豪森，贝尔根·贝尔森集中营里遍布的尸体，在那里很多我的家人被烧成了灰烬。

And when I saw Syrian refugees flooding across borders, I also recalled my own displacement as a refugee child.
当我看到叙利亚难民涌入边境时，我回忆起了，我当是儿童时成为了难民，流离失所的事情。

So as one person...
所以作为一个前难民，

As one person, what can you do next?
作为一个人类，接下来你能做什么？

When you're confronted with something that you know needs to be changed, you have to find an entry point.
当你遇到你想要改变的事时，必须要找到事件的突破口。

For me, that was mobilizing a Jewish response and then scaling that up to the interreligious response in the US, focused exclusively on Syria.
对我来说，那就是动员所有的犹太人然后扩大到动员所有的美国宗教，动员他们集中关注到叙利亚战争上来。

It's called the Multifaith Alliance for Syrian Refugees.
这个组织名叫叙利亚难民多信仰联盟。

And today, we have more than 100 partner organizations.
现在我们已经有100多个合作机构了。

I saw an opportunity to build bridges while also saving lives.
我看到了建立沟通桥梁，拯救生命的机会。

And here's how.
现在我来讲讲我采用了什么方法。

The southwest part of Syria was very difficult to access.
叙利亚西南部非常难进入，

Because it was surrounded by regime forces.
因为政权武装力量包围了那里。

That was a gap.
而缺口是什么呢？

Israel shares a border with that part of Syria.
以色列和叙利亚在那里接壤。

And guess what?
你肯定猜不到，

It's easy to get aid into southwest Syria from the Israeli side of the Golan Heights.
从以色列的格兰高地那一侧很容易就能进入，这样我们就能援助叙利亚西南部了。

That gave us something doable with which to fill that gap.
这给了我们填补这个空缺提供了可行方案。

All we needed was the how.
现在我们需要找到方法。

And that's why my colleagues and I found ourselves in clandestine meetings all over Europe.
这就是我和我的同事在欧洲各地召开秘密会议的原因。

We were making the case that Israel should be used as a staging area for the outbound delivery of international humanitarian aid.
我们提出这样一个议题：以色列应成为向国外运送国际人道主义援助的集结地。

We lobbied the UK Parliament, the EU Parliament, the Canadian Parliament.
我们去英国，欧盟和加拿大的议会，进行游说。

We banged on doors in Congress.
我们上门请求国会的支持。

We met with every level of government in Israel.
我们和以色列政府上上下下的部门都打过交道。

And...
不过……

We got nowhere.
我们一无所获。

But then it happened.
但接下来奇迹发生了。

In September 2016, the Israeli government launched Operation Good Neighbor.
在2016年的9月，以色列政府发起了睦邻行动。

It was now official government policy to open the border, so that aid from other countries could be facilitated and sent in to Syria.
现在，政府的官方政策就是打开国门，这样其他国家的援助就因此进入以色列，并被送往叙利亚。

So soon after, once we were able to get Operation Good Neighbor going, soon after, enormous cargo containers of aid,
不久之后，睦邻行动就开始了，很快装着援助物资的巨大集装箱，

many of them bearing goods from Syrian organizations, were being unloaded in Israeli ports by Israeli soldiers,
其中许多装载着来自叙利亚各个机构的货物，被以色列士兵，

sent over to the Golan Heights and from there,
从以色列港口卸下，然后被送到戈兰高地。

our partners on the ground in Syria would pick up the aid and distribute it to an area with a population of 1.3 million people.
在格兰高地，我们在叙利亚的合作伙伴会接收援助物资，并将其分发到一个拥有130万人口的地区。

We delivered 120 million dollars of aid this way.
我们通过这种方式提供了1.2亿美元的援助。

We supported three medical facilities, a bakery that produced 15,000 pitas a day.
我们援助了三个医疗设备，一个可以每天生产15000张皮塔饼的面包烘房。

The Israelis provided water, fuel, electricity.
以色列人提供了水，燃料以及电力。

We shipped medical equipment, ambulances, food, clothing, sanitary kits, medicine, whatever else was needed.
我们运送了医疗设备、救护车、食物、衣服、急救包、药品，以及其他必需品。

And by working through local councils, we were able to help stabilize an entire region.
通过与地方议会合作，我们能够帮助稳定整个地区。

For two years, this was the only part of Syria that worked.
两年来，这是叙利亚唯一能接收援助物资的地方。

But then, because of an incursion by the regime and its allies, that area was completely taken over and destroyed.
但是后来，由于反对派政权及其盟友的入侵，该地区被反对派完全占领和摧毁。

But that did not stop us.
但我们也没有因此停下脚步。

We expanded our deliveries to other hard-to-reach parts of Syria.
我们扩大了对叙利亚其他偏远地区的援助。

Today we have delivered nearly 245 million dollars in aid.
今天我们已经向当地提供了近2.45亿美元的援助。

It wasn't easy and it wasn't without hiccups.
这件事并不简单，也不是一气呵成的。

But by working with these unlikely partnerships, we were able to help more than two and a half million war victims and still counting.
但是通过与这些难以想象的伙伴合作，我们能够帮助250多万战争受害者，而且这个数目还在增加。

Now, here's the great news.
好消息来了。

You don't have to go to a war zone to do this.
你不必前往战乱区域就能做到这些。

I've applied my formula in a bunch of other settings.
我把这个方法用到了很多不同的场景。

So let me share a couple of quick stories with you.
所以让我快速地给你们讲几个例子。

Early in my career, 1971, to be exact, I was living a life of crime.
在我职业生涯的早期，1971年，确切地说，当时我过着“罪犯”一样的生活。

Crime prevention, that is.
其实是防范别人对我进行犯罪。

I was also deeply immersed in the women's movement.
我也深深地沉浸在妇女运动中。

So where could I make a difference?
那么我在哪里可以有所作为呢？

My entry point was the New York City Police Department.
我的切入点是纽约市警察局。

Victims of sexual assault were being very badly treated.
性侵犯的受害者受到非常恶劣的对待。

That was a gap.
这是一个空缺点。

The doable way to fill that gap was to set up the first sex crimes unit in the country.
能填补这个空缺的可行方案，就是成立全国第一个性犯罪部门。

Well, today we've got Law and Order: SVU to tell us how it's done.
现在看《法律与秩序：特殊受害者》就知道该怎么做。

In fact, they've been telling us how it's done for the past 23 seasons.
事实上，在已播出的23季里，他们一直在告诉我们该做什么。

But back then, back then, this was a new idea.
但是在1971年，这一切还没有成型。

I've done the same thing with large corporations.
我也在大企业中进行过同样的改革。

When the new millennium was approaching, the human resources field was laser-focused on workplace 2000, with diversity being a key goal.
当新的千禧年来临时，人力资源领域聚焦于建立适合新千年的工作环境，特别是要把其多样性放在第一位。

But religion was very rarely looked at as an aspect of workplace diversity.
而大家在考虑多样性时，宗教总是被忽略。

Yet if you looked at the changing demographics, it was obvious that this was going to be a big issue.
然而，如果你看看不断变化的人口统计数据，很明显这将成为一个大问题。

So that was a gap.
所以这就是空缺。

Another organization I founded, the Tanenbaum Center for Interreligious Understanding,
我创立的另一个组织，塔南鲍姆宗教间理解中心，

found a doable way to fill that gap by guiding major corporations in accommodating religious beliefs in the workplace.
找到了一个可行的方法来填补这一空缺，就是指导大公司在工作中如何适应宗教信仰。

Well, it's been a long road to Syria from my early forays as a professional change agent.
从我早期作为职业变革推动者的尝试再到援助叙利亚，这是一条漫长的道路。

But when I saw the Syrian tragedy unfold, a biblical verse, Leviticus 19:16, kept reverberating in my brain.
但是当我看到叙利亚的悲剧开始时，圣经中利未记19章16节的诗句一直盘旋在我脑海中。

Thou shalt not stand idly by while the blood of your neighbor cries out from the earth.
“你不可在你的族人中，到处搬弄是非，也不可危害你的邻舍。”

Well, that's why I got to work.
这就是我奋斗的原因。

I hope you will, too.
希望你们也以此奋斗。

Thank you.
谢谢大家！