Mycosystema
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Doi: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.220218
湖南红壤区三个林龄板栗园外生菌根真菌多样性
Diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi in three Castanea mollissima plantations in krasnozem region of Hunan Province
田诗义，董文统，叶佳伟，熊欢，袁德义，邹锋
板栗Castanea mollissima是我国重要的生态经济树种，同时也是外生菌根(ectomycorrhizal，EcM)依赖型树种。为揭示湖南红壤区板栗EcM真菌多样性，本研究以9、17和35年3个不同林龄的板栗园为研究对象，利用Illumina Miseq测序平台对不同林分的板栗根部EcM样品ITS区进行高通量测序，分析板栗EcM真菌的多样性及其在不同林龄中的分布情况；同时测定板栗根际土壤理化性质，运用线性回归、Spearman相关性以及典型对应相关分析(canonical correspondence analysis，CCA)等，研究土壤因子与板栗EcM真菌多样性之间的关系。结果表明：3个林龄中的菌根样品测序得到EcM真菌可操作分类单元(operational taxonomic units，OTUs) 46个，隶属于2门3纲8目13科18属。硬皮马勃属Scleroderma、粉孢牛肝菌属Tylopilus和红菇属Russula是板栗园中主要的EcM菌属。9年林分EcM真菌Shannon多样性指数最大(1.33)，与35年林分Shannon多样性指数(0.22)有显著差异，各林龄物种丰富度指数无显著差异。线性回归分析发现土壤pH、全钾、速效钾、有效铁、有效钙和有效镁与EcM真菌的多样性呈显著负相关。结合CCA分析和相关性分析，发现土壤pH、全磷、全钾、速效钾及有效钙是影响湖南省红壤区板栗园EcM真菌群落组成的主要土壤因子。湖南红壤地区板栗EcM真菌群落组成较为丰富，为EcM真菌筛选及板栗园种植管理提供科学依据。
Castanea mollissima is an important ecological and economical tree species, also ectomycorrhizal (EcM) dependent tree species in China, and EcM fungal diversity of C. mollissima orchards with different ages of 9 years, 17 years and 35 years in krasnozem region of Hunan Province was investigated. High-throughput sequencing of the ITS region of C. mollissima root EcM samples from different stands was carried out by Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform. The diversity and distribution of EcM fungi in different stands of C. mollissima were analyzed, and physical and chemical properties of C. mollissima rhizosphere soil were determined. Based on linear regression, Spearman correlation and canonical correlation analysis (CCA), the relationship between soil factors and the diversity of C. mollissima EcM fungi was studied. Forty six EcM fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected, belonging to 2 phyla, 3 classes, 8 orders, 13 families, and 18 genera. Scleroderma, Tylopilus and Russula were the main EcM genera in C. mollissima orchards. The Shannon diversity index of EcM fungi in the 9-year stand was the largest (1.33), which was significantly different from that in the 35-year stand (0.22). However, there was no significant difference in species richness index among different forest ages. Linear regression analysis showed that soil pH, total potassium (TK), available potassium (AK), available iron (Fe), available calcium (Ca) and available magnesium (Mg) were significantly negatively correlated with the diversity of EcM fungi. The CCA analysis and Spearman analysis suggested that soil pH, total phosphorus (TP), TK, AK and available Ca were the main soil factors affecting the composition of EcM fungal communities in C. mollissima orchards in krasnozem of Hunan Province. The fungal community composition of EcM fungi of C. mollissima is relatively rich in the krasnozem region of Hunan Province, and this study provides a scientific information for the selection of EcM fungi and planting management of C. mollissima orchards.
关键词：板栗；外生菌根真菌；多样性；林龄；土壤pH；土壤有效钙
[引用本文]
田诗义，董文统，叶佳伟，熊欢，袁德义，邹锋，2023. 湖南红壤区3个林龄板栗园外生菌根真菌多样性. 菌物学报，42(3): 677-691
Tian SY, Dong WT, Ye JW, Xiong H, Yuan DY, Zou F, 2023. Diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi in three Castanea mollissima plantations in krasnozem region of Hunan Province. Mycosystema, 42(3): 677-691
图1 不同林龄板栗EcM真菌OTUs韦恩图
Fig. 1 Venn diagram of ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at Castanea mollissima orchards with different ages.
图2 不同林龄EcM真菌丰富度和多样性指数 不同字母表示指数的显著差异(P<0.05). A：Richness指数. B：Shannon指数. C：Simpson指数. D：Pielou指数
Fig. 2 Diversity of the ectomycorrhizal fungi at different age groups of Castanea mollissima orchards. Letters indicate significant differences for each parameter (P<0.05). A: Richness index. B: Shannon index. C: Simpson index. D: Pielou index.
图3 板栗EcM真菌优势菌属分布和相对多度
Fig. 3 Distribution and relative abundance of the ectomycorrhizal fungal community in Castanea mollissima orchards.
图4 不同林龄板栗EcM组成
Fig. 4 The composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi in Castanea mollissima orchards with different ages.
图5 板栗EcM优势菌属与林龄和土壤因子的CCA分析 A：EcM优势菌属与林龄、土壤pH、电导率、全氮、全磷、有机碳、碳氮比的CCA分析. B：EcM优势菌属与全钾、速效钾、铵态氮、硝态氮、有效磷、脲酶活性、酸性磷酸酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶活性的CCA分析. C：EcM优势菌属与有效铁、有效铜、有效锌、有效锰、有效钙、有效镁的CCA分析. Year：林龄；pH：酸碱度；EC：电导率；TN：全氮；TP：全磷；SOC：有机碳；C:N：碳氮比；TK：全钾；AK：速效钾；NH4+：铵态氮；NO3−：硝态氮；AP：有效磷；S-UE：脲酶活性；S-ACP：酸性磷酸酶活性；β-GU：β-葡萄糖苷酶活性；Fe：有效铁；Cu：有效铜；Zn：有效锌；Mn：有效锰；Ca：有效钙；Mg：有效镁. 下同
Fig. 5 CCA analysis of dominant fungus genera in Castanea mollissima orchards with different ages and soil factors. A: CCA analysis of dominant fungus genera in the orchards with different tree age, soil pH, EC, TN, TP, SOC, C:N ratio. B: CCA analysis of dominant fungus genera in the orchards with different TK, AK, NH4+, NO3−, AP, S-UE, S-ACP, β-GU. C: CCA analysis of dominant fungus genera in the orchards with different Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Ca, Mg. Year: Tree age; pH: pH value; EC: electrical conductivity; TN: total nitrogen; TP: total phosphorus; SOC: soil organic carbon; C:N: carbon to nitrogen ratio; TK: total potassium; AK: available potassium; NH4+: ammonium nitrogen; NO3−: nitrate nitrogen; AP: available phosphorus; S-UE: soil urease activity; S-ACP: soil acid phosphatase activity; β-GU: soil β-glucosidase activity; Fe: available iron; Cu: available copper; Zn: available zinc; Mn: available manganese; Ca: available calcium; Mg: available magnesium. The same below.
图6 板栗EcM真菌Shannon多样性指数与土壤因子线性回归分析 A：土壤pH. B：全钾. C：速效钾. D：有效铁. E：有效镁. F：有效钙. R2为决定系数，显著性P<0.05
Fig. 6 Linear regression analysis of ectomycorrhizal fungi in Castanea mollissima orchards based on Shannon diversity index and soil factor sorting. A: Soil pH. B: Total potassium. C: Available potassium. D: Available iron. E: Available magnesium. F: Available calcium. R2 is the coefficient of determination, significant P<0.05.
图7 板栗EcM优势菌属与林龄及土壤理化性质相关性分析
Fig. 7 Correlation analysis results of ectomycorrhizal fungal dominant genera in Castanea mollissima with different age and soil physical and chemical properties. * P<0.05; **P<0.01.
图8 板栗林龄及土壤因子之间相关性热图
Fig. 8 Heat map of correlation between Castanea mollissima orchards with different age and soil factors. * P<0.05; ** P<0.01.
《菌物学报》
Mycosystema
《菌物学报》英文刊名Mycosystema，月刊，1982年创刊，曾用名《真菌学报》（Acta Mycologica Sinica）和《菌物系统》，由中国科学院微生物研究所和中国菌物学会联合主办，主要刊登我国菌物学（包括真菌、黏菌、卵菌）研究领域在理论上和实践上的最新研究成果。报道内容包括菌物多样性、系统分类学、起源与进化、 菌物区系地理学、生态学、遗传学、生理学、生物化学、濒危菌物物种保护生物学以及食药用真菌、 有毒真菌、真菌毒素、人类病原真菌、植物病原真菌、兽医真菌、互惠共生菌物等方面的研究论文、简报和综述。
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