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来源：独霸上海的妖怪收集编辑：塞缪尔·约翰逊
提到塞缪尔·约翰逊（Samuel Johnson），很多同学可能对这个名字比较陌生，但你一定听过他说的几句名言：
When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life.
如果你厌倦了伦敦，你也就厌倦了生活！
Patriotism is the last refuge of the scoundrel.
爱国主义是流氓最后的避难所。
passions n.[pl.] very powerful feelings 强烈的情感 agitate ['ædʒɪteɪt] v. to make someone feel worried or angry 使…激动 hasten ['heɪsən] v. to make something happen sooner or more quickly 赶快；急忙 incite [ɪn'saɪt] v. to encourage someone to do or feel something unpleasant or violent 煽动；激励；刺激 attainment [ə'teɪnmənt] n.[U] the act of achieving something 获得，达到 object [‘ɒbdʒɪkt] n.[C] a person or thing that sb desires, studies, pays attention to, etc. 对象；客体
flight [flaɪt] n.[U] to move lightly or quickly and not stay in one place for very long 逃跑，溃退 indulge [ɪn'dʌldʒ] v. to let someone have or do whatever they want, even if it is bad for them 放纵，纵容，迁就 out-grow v. to grow bigger than or too big for something 过大而不适于；出生 avarice ['ævərɪs] n.[U] an extremely strong wish to get or keep money or possessions 贪婪，贪财 some means of sth …的方法 / 手段
miser ['maɪzə] n.[C] someone who has a strong wish to have money and hates to spend it 吝啬鬼；守财奴 fill to the brim 装满 acquisition [ˌækwɪ'zɪʃən] n. something that sb buys to add to what they already own, usually sth valuable 获得者，获得物 terminate ['tɜːmɪneɪt] v. to (cause something to) end or stop 结束，使终结 gayety ['ɡeɪətɪ] n.[U] happiness and excitement 愉快；轻快 repose [rɪ'pəʊz] n.[U] the state of resting or lying down 休息；睡眠；静止 devotion [dɪ'vəʊʃən] n.[U] loyalty and love or care for someone or something 奉献，献身，忠诚
sorrow ['sɒrəʊ] n.[C,U] (a cause of) a feeling of great sadness 悲痛, 悲伤 affection [ə'fekʃən] n.[U][sing.] a feeling of liking for a person or place 喜爱，爱 breast [brest] n.[C] the centre of a person's feelings 心窝，胸怀 arduous ['ɑːdjʊəs] adj. difficult, needing a lot of effort and energy 费力的；努力的 preserve [prɪ'zɜːv] v. to make something continue without changing 维持 cure [kjʊə] n.[C] the act of making someone well again after an illness 治疗；治愈；疗法
haste [heɪst] n.[U] (too much) speed 匆忙；急忙；轻率 excruciating [ɪk'skruːʃɪeɪtɪŋ] adj. extremely painful 极为疼痛的 unerring [ʌn'ɜːrɪŋ] adj. always accurate in your judgment or ability 准确无误的，无偏差的 instinct ['ɪnstɪŋkt] n.[C,U] the way people or animals naturally react or behave, without having to think or learn about it 本能，直觉；天性 wounded ['wu:ndid] adj. injured, especially with a cut or hole in the skin 受伤的 stag [stæg] n.[C] an adult male deer 成年雄鹿 recourse [rɪ'kɔːs] n.[U] the fact of having to, or being able to, use sth that can provide help in a difficult situation 依靠；依赖；求助 vulnerary ['vʌlnərərɪ] adj. Used in the healing or treating of wounds. 医治创伤的
remedy ['remɪdɪ] n.[C] a treatment or medicine to cure a disease or reduce pain that is not very serious 药品，治疗法 occasion [ə'keɪʒən] v. to cause something 引起，惹起 irreparable [ɪ'repərəbəl] adj. impossible to repair or make right again 不能修复的，不可弥补的 dwell on / upon sth to keep thinking or talking about something, especially something bad or unpleasant 老是想着，一直在说 repeal [rɪ'piːl] v. If a government repeals a law, it causes that law no longer to have any legal force. 废除；撤销；放弃
negligence ['neglɪdʒəns] n.[U] the fact of not giving enough care or attention to someone or something 疏忽，玩忽 animate ['ænɪmeɪt] v. to make someone seem more happy or active 使有生气；使活泼 repentance [rɪ'pentəns] n. when you are sorry for something wrong that you have done 悔悟，悔改，后悔，忏悔 irrevocable [ɪ'revəkəbəl] adj. impossible to change 不可改变的，不可反转的 arise [ə'raɪz] v. to happen 呈现; 出现; 发生 salutary ['sæljʊtərɪ] adj. causing improvement of behaviour or character 有益的，有用的；有益健康的 extenuating adj. showing reasons why a wrong or illegal act, or a bad situation, should be judged less seriously or excused 使减轻的，情有可原的 miscarriage [mɪs'kærɪdʒ] n.[C,U] if a woman who is going to have a baby has a miscarriage, she gives birth before the baby is properly formed and it dies 流产
fix sth on sb / sth 集中…于… incessant [ɪn'sesənt] adj. never stopping, especially in an annoying or unpleasant way 不停的，持续不断的 torment ['tɔːment] v. great mental suffering and unhappiness, or great physical pain 折磨，使痛苦；使苦恼 harass ['hærəs] v. to continue to annoy or upset someone over a period of time骚扰；使烦恼，打扰 possession [pə'zeʃən] n.[C][pl.] something that you own or that you are carrying with you at a particular time 所有物，个人物品；财产 endeavour [in'devə] n.[C,U] an attempt to do something 尽力，竭力 regain [rɪ'geɪn] v. to take or get possession of something again 复得，赢回 anguish ['æŋgwɪʃ] n.[U] extreme unhappiness caused by physical or mental suffering（尤指心理上的）极度的痛苦 diminution [ˌdɪmɪ'njuːʃən] n.[C,U] reduction in size or importance 减小，减少，缩减 blast [blɑːst] n.[C] a sudden strong expression of a powerful emotion 一阵感情迸发，感情的爆发
sensibility [ˌsensɪ'bɪlɪtɪ] n.[C,U] the way that someone reacts to particular subjects or types of behaviour 感情〔人对某些话题或行为作出的反应〕 blow [bləʊ] n.[C] an unexpected event that has a damaging effect on someone or something 打击；不幸 substitute ['sʌbstɪtjuːt] v. to use something or someone instead of another thing or person 代替，替换 lament [lə'ment] v. to express sadness and feeling sorry about something 悲叹；悔恨；哀悼 resign oneself to sth to make yourself accept something that you do not like because you cannot change it 听任；顺从；不得不接受 gloom [gluːm] n.[U] feelings of great unhappiness and loss of hope 忧郁，沮丧，失望 despondency [dɪ'spɒndənsɪ] n.[U] Despondency is a strong feeling of unhappiness caused by difficulties which you feel you cannot overcome. 失去勇气，失望 wear sb / sth out to make yourself/sb feel very tired（使）筋疲力尽，耗尽 unavailing [ʌnə'veɪlɪŋ] adj. When an attempt to do something is unavailing, it is unsuccessful or has no positive effect. 徒劳的，无效的，无用的 misery [‘mɪzərɪ] n.[C,U] great unhappiness 痛苦，苦恼，苦难
tenderness [‘tendənis] n. 柔软，温和 endearment [ɪn'dɪəmənt] n.[C,U] a word or phrase that you use to show that you love someone 表示爱慕的话语，亲热的表示 reproachful [rɪ'prəʊtʃfʊl] adj. expressing criticism 责备的，斥责的 prevail [prɪ'veɪl] v. to get control or influence 获胜，占优势 dissolution [dɪsə'luːʃən] n[U]. the act or process of ending an official organization or legal agreement （社团等）解散；（婚约等的）解除 alliance [ə’laɪəns] n.[C] an agreement to work with someone else to try to achieve the same thing 结盟，联盟 breach [briːtʃ] n.[C] an act of breaking a law, promise, agreement, or relationship 破坏，违反
suffrage [‘sʌfrɪdʒ] n.[U] the right to vote in an election, especially to vote for representatives in a government 选举权；投票 mankind [ˌmæn'kaɪnd] n.[U] the whole of the human race, including both men and women 人类 laudable [‘lɔːdəbəl] adj. deserving praise, even if not completely successful 值得赞美的 offspring ['ɒfsprɪŋ] n.[C] a child of a particular person or couple 子女，子孙，后代 pardonable [ˈpɑ:dənəbl] adj. able to be forgiven 可原谅的，可宽恕的 indulgence [ɪn'dʌldʒəns] n.[U] an occasion when you allow or do not mind someone's failure or bad behaviour 放纵；纵容 avocation [ˌævə'keɪʃən] n.[C,U] a hobby or other activity that you do for interest and enjoyment 业余爱好；嗜好
testimony ['testɪmənɪ] n.[C,U] a fact or situation that shows or proves very clearly that something exists or is true 证明，证据 esteem [ɪ’stiːm] n.[U] respect for or a good opinion of someone 尊重；尊敬 extort [ɪk'stɔːt] v. to get something by force or threats, or with difficulty 敲诈，勒索；强求
burst [bəːst] n.[C] a sudden increase in something, especially for a short period 突然发作，突然发生 solemnity [sə'lemnɪtɪ] n.[U] the quality of being serious 庄严，严肃，庄重 culpable [‘kʌlpəbəl] adj. deserving to be blamed or considered responsible for something bad 有罪的；该责备的 vain [veɪn] adj. unsuccessful; of no value 徒劳的；虚荣的；空虚的 longing [‘lɒŋɪŋ] n.[sing,U] a feeling of wanting something or someone very much 渴望，盼望 providence ['prɒvɪdəns] n.[U] an influence that is not human in origin and is thought to control people's lives 天意，天道，天命
lawfully adv. 守法地，合法地 possession [pə'zeʃən] n.[U] the fact that you have or own something 占有，持有，拥有 mournful ['mɔːnfʊl] adj. very sad 哀痛的，令人伤心的 violently [ˈvaɪələntlɪ] adv. strongly or extremely 激烈地，猛烈地 engross [ɪn'grəʊs] v. If something engrosses you, it is so interesting that you give it all your attention. 使全神贯注 predominate [prɪ'dɒmɪneɪt] v. to be the largest in number or the most important 占支配地位 perplex [pə'pleks] v. to confuse and worry someone slightly by being difficult to understand or solve 使困惑，使为难；使复杂化 ratiocination [ˌrætiɔsi'neiʃən] n.[U] the process of thinking or arguing about sth in a logical way 推论；推理 faculty ['fækəltɪ] n.[C] a natural ability to hear, see, think, move, etc. 官能，机能 contemplate ['kɒntempleɪt] v. to spend time considering a possible future action, or to consider one particular thing for a long time in a serious and quiet way 深思，细想，仔细考虑
alacrity [ə'lækrɪtɪ] n.[U] speed and eagerness 敏捷，轻快，乐意 preservative [prɪ'zɜːvətɪv] n.[C,U] a substance used to prevent food or wood from decaying 防腐剂 fondness ['fɒndnəs] n.[U] 喜爱，钟爱 suspend [sə'spend] v. to stop something from being active, either temporarily or permanently 延缓，推迟 indifference [ɪn'dɪfərəns] n.[U] lack of interest or concern 不关心，不在乎
compliance [kəm'plaɪəns] n.[U] the act of obeying an order, rule, or request 服从，听从，顺从 tranquillity [træŋˈkwɪlɪti:] n.[U] a peaceful, calm state, without noise, violence, worry, etc. 心神稳定 benevolence [bɪ'nevələns] v. to take control of a country, region, etc., especially by force 强占，并吞（国家、地区等） annex [ə'neks] n. 附加物
tenderness ['tendənis] n.[U] 柔软，温和，亲切 forfeit ['fɔːfɪt] v. to lose the right to do or have something because you have broken a rule（因犯罪、失职、违约等）丧失（权利、名誉、生命等） officious [ə'fɪʃəs] adj. too eager to tell people what to do and having too high an opinion of your own importance 过分殷勤的，爱管闲事的 lenient ['liːnɪənt] adj. not as severe or strong in punishment or judgment as would be expected 仁慈的；宽大的 endearment [ɪn'dɪəmən] n.[C,U] a word or phrase that you use to show that you love someone 表示爱慕的话语，亲热的表示
overlook [əʊvə'lʊk] v. to fail to notice or consider something or someone 忽视 neglect [nɪ'glekt] v. to not give enough care or attention to people or things that are your responsibility 疏忽，忽视；忽略 assiduity [ˌæsɪ'djuːɪtɪ] n.[U] 不断关照；殷勤 court [kɔːt] v. to try to please someone because you want them to join you 向…献殷勤 oblige [ə'blaɪdʒ] v. to force someone to do something, or to make it necessary for someone to do something 迫使，强制 exhaust [ɪg'zɔːst] v. to use something completely 用尽，耗尽 instance ['ɪnstəns] n.[C] a particular situation, event, or fact, especially an example of something that happens generally 例子，实例
preserve [prɪ'zɜːv] v. to keep something as it is, especially in order to prevent it from decaying or being damaged or destroyed 保存；保护 neutrality [njuː'trælɪtɪ] n.[U] a neutral position, especially in a war 中立，中立地位 indifference [ɪn'dɪfərəns] n. 不关心，不在乎 vain [veɪn] adj. unsuccessful; of no value 徒劳的；虚荣的；空虚的 exclude [ɪk'skluːd] v. to decide that something is not true or possible排除…；不考虑…；认为…不可能 grief [griːf] n.[C,U] very great sadness, especially at the death of someone（尤指某人之死引起的）悲痛，悲伤，悲哀 scheme [skiːm] n.[C] an organized plan for doing something, especially something dishonest or illegal that will bring a good result for you 阴谋，诡计 debar [dɪ'bɑː] v. to stop someone from doing something by law or by official agreement（通过法律或协议）禁止，阻止 inlet ['ɪnlet] n.[C] engineering the part of a machine through which liquid or gas enters（机器上液体或气体的）入口，进口 assault [ə'sɔːlt] n.[C,U] a violent attack 殴打；袭击，攻击 withhold [wɪð'həʊld] v. to refuse to give sth to sb 拒绝给；不给 apathy ['æpəθɪ] n.[U] behaviour that shows no interest or energy and shows that someone is unwilling to take action, especially over something important 漠然，冷淡
confess [kən'fes] v. to admit that you have done something wrong or something that you feel guilty or bad about 承认；坦白；供认；忏悔 in proportion to sth 相对于某事物来说; 与某事物成比例 province ['prɒvɪns] n.[sing.] a subject that someone knows a lot about or something that only they are responsible for 领域；职权 enquire [ɪn'kwaɪə] v. to ask someone for information 询问；打听 give way to sth 让位于，让步，代替 mitigation [ˌmɪtəˈɡeɪʃən] n.[U] a reduction in how unpleasant, harmful, or serious a situation is 缓解，减轻，平静 merriment [‘merɪmənt] n.[U] an occasion when people laugh or have an enjoyable time together 欢乐，嬉戏，欢笑
transition [træn'zɪʃən] n.[C,U] a change from one form or type to another, or the process by which this happens 过渡，转变，变迁 recommend [rekə'mend] v. to suggest that someone or something would be good or suitable for a particular job or purpose, or to suggest that a particular action should be done 推荐，介绍 sooth [suːθ] v. 宽慰 tranquillity [træŋˈkwɪlɪti:] n.[U] a peaceful, calm state, without noise, violence, worry, etc. 心神稳定 acquaint [ə'kweɪnt] v. to make sb/yourself familiar with or aware of sth 通知，告知 dreadful ['dredfʊl] adj. very bad, of very low quality, or shocking and very sad 可怕的，糟透的，令人不快的 afflictive [ə'flɪktɪv] adj. 带给人痛苦的，苦恼的，难受的 divert [daɪ'vɜːt] v. to cause something or someone to change direction 使…转向 calamity [kə'læmɪtɪ] n.[C] a serious accident or bad event causing damage or suffering 灾祸，灾难 incline [ɪn'klaɪn] v. to (make someone) feel something or want to do something 使倾斜；使倾向于
efficacy ['efɪkəsɪ] n.[U] the ability, especially of a medicine or a method of achieving something, to produce the intended result 效力，效能 mirth [mɜːθ] n.[U] laughter, humour, or happiness 欢乐，欢笑 indulgence [ɪn'dʌldʒəns] n.[C,U] an occasion when you allow someone or yourself to have something enjoyable, especially more than is good for you 纵容；沉溺 melancholy [‘melənkəlɪ] n.[U] sadness that lasts for a long period of time, often without any obvious reason 忧郁，悲哀 suspect [sə'spekt] v. to think or believe something to be true or probable 怀疑；猜想
antidote ['æntɪdəʊt] n.[C] a way of preventing or acting against something bad 对抗手段，矫正方法 seamen n.[C] a member of the navy or a sailor on a ship below the rank of an officer 海员；水手 lamentation [læmən'teɪʃən] n. sadness and feeling sorry, or something that expresses these feelings 悲叹，哀悼 idleness ['aidlnis] n. 闲散；懒惰 spare [speə] v. to give time, money, or space to someone, especially when it is difficult for you 抽出，让给 irretrievable [ɪrɪ'triːvəbəl] adj. impossible to correct or return to a previously existing situation or condition 不能挽回的，不能复原的
accelerate [ək'seləreɪt] v. if a process accelerates or if something accelerates it, it happens faster than usual or sooner than you expect（使）加快，（使）增速 quicken [‘kwɪkən] v. If a feeling or quality quickens, it becomes more active, or to make a feeling or quality do this. 变活跃 succession [sək'seʃən] n.[U] a process in which someone automatically takes an official position or job after someone else 继任，接任；继承 enlarge [ɪn'lɑːdʒ] v. to become bigger or to make something bigger 扩大；放大
rust [rʌst] n.[U] the reddish-brown substance that forms on iron or steel when it gets wet 锈；生锈；锈病 scour away sth to make a passage, hole, or mark in the ground, rocks, etc. as the result of movement, especially over a long period 冲刷成，冲刷出 putrefaction [ˌpjuːtrɪ'fækʃən] n.[U] the state of decaying 腐烂，腐败 stagnant ['stægnənt] adj. not growing or developing 停滞的