非质子锂氧电池的初衷是在开放的空气环境中进行可逆稳定的充放电，但是空气环境中的水会进入电池体系，造成电池正极放电产物的不可逆转化、电解液的加速分解以及锂金属负极的腐蚀恶化。

基于此，作者们在国际期刊Energy Storage Materials上发表题为“用于在潮湿环境中锂氧/空气电池稳定工作的防水透氧气膜”的研究论文。该论文通过引入可大规模制备/柔性聚四氟乙烯@聚苯乙烯 (PTFE@PS) 膜，具有出色的透氧性和防潮能力，可有效保护锂负极和整个电池系统免受H₂O腐蚀。

PTFE@PS 膜的稳定双重疏水性通过接触角和渗透实验得到证明，其阻止H₂O穿梭的能力通过循环后锂金属表面SEI层的光谱表征（冷冻电镜）得到证明。PTFE@PS膜的成功地提升了锂金属负极的循环性、完全放电深度能力、以及在潮湿的O₂和实际环境空气气氛（RH：70%）中运行的锂氧/空气电池的循环性能。

Figure 1. The oxygen-permeable and /moisture-proof PTFE@PS membranes function by providing water-shielding for Li-metal anodes against detrimental shuttle ofH₂O in a humid atmosphere. (a) Schematic illustration of H₂O in a humid O₂ atmosphere, where H₂O could diffuse from the gas diffusion layer of LOBs into the inside of the battery, leading to irreversible conversion of both Li-metal anode and cathode discharge-products. Wearing an oxygen-permeable/moisture-proof membrane on the front-face of the cathode side of LOBs can effectively block the shuttle of H₂O in a humid atmosphere. (b) Preparation of oxygen-permeable/moisture-proof PTFE@PS membrane. (c) Optical images of the as-prepared PTFE@PS membrane showing scalable and flexible properties. (d) SEM images of the prepared PS membrane (upper) and PTFE@PS membrane (bottom). (e) Contact angle of H₂O (left) and G4 solvents (right) towards PTFE@PS membranes showing dual phobicity of the membrane. (f) Photos of the penetration experiments. (g) Optical images of a drop of H₂O on the Li-metal surface without PTFE@PS (left) and with PTFE@PS membrane (right). H₂O can directly react with Li-anode, and the PTFE@PS membrane obviously suppresses such reaction by preventing the direct contact of Li-metal anodes with H₂O. (h) Cycle performance of Li/Li symmetrical cells assembled without PTFE@PS membranes and with PTFE@PS membranes. The insets display the corresponding SEM images of cycled Li-metal surface (Figure 1h). The PTFE@PS membranes with dual phobic properties can effectively block the shuttle/crossover of H₂O in a humid O₂ atmosphere thus bring enhanced cyclability to the Li-metal anodes.

要点二、通过冷冻电镜分析水对金属锂负极SEI的结构/组分的改变

Figure 2. Analysis of component of SEI layer in cycled Li-metal surface via cryo-TEM and EELS. (a, e) Phase map of SEI, (b, f) HRTEM of Li₂O, Li₂CO₃, LiOH and corresponding FFT crystals, (c, g) STEM-ADF images and (d, h) corresponding EELS of O K-edge acquired from SEI layer (in Figure 2c and g) of cycled Li-metal surface without PTFE@PS membranes (a-d) and with PTFE@PS membranes (e-h), respectively. The main component of SEI in cycled Li-metal surface without PTFE@PS membrane is LiOH, while that with PTFE@PS membrane is Li₂O. The generation of LiOH in SEI of the cycled Li-metal surface without PTFE@PS membranes is mainly attributed to the destructive shuttle of H₂O in humid O₂ atmosphere.

要点三、PTFE@PS膜能够增加潮湿氧气环境下的锂氧电池的深度放电能力和循环稳定性

Figure 3. The electrochemical performance of LOBs operated in a humid O₂ atmosphere (RH: 70%). (a) Initial full-discharge capacity of LOBs assembled with and without PTFE@PS membrane in a humid O₂ atmosphere (RH: 70%). The low-capacity output of LOBs assembled without PTFE@PS membrane is ascribed to the damaged Li-metal anode caused by the shuttle of H₂O in humid O₂ atmosphere, which can be significantly enhanced by replacing the cycled Li-metal anode with a new one. With the protection of PTFE@PS membrane, the initial full-discharge capacity of LOBs has been remarkably enhanced. (b) XRD diffractograms and (c) SEM images of cathode discharge products after the initial full-discharge. The introduction of H₂O induces generation of LiOH, yet the main component of cathode discharge product of LOBs assembled with PTFE@PS membranes is Li₂O₂. The morphology of the cathode discharge product of LOBs with PTFE@PS membranes is typical toroid morphology, while the significant growth of toroid morphology from cathode discharge product of LOBs assembled without PTFE@PS membranes is mainly ascribed to the introduction of H₂O. (d-f) The cycle performance of LOBs assembled without and with PTFE@PS membrane operated in a humid O₂ atmosphere and cycled at a limited capacity of (d) 1000 mAh/g and (e, f) 500 mAh/g, showing that the PTFE@PS membrane can significantly enhance the cycle performance of LOBs.

要点四、PTFE@PS膜能够阻挡潮湿空气环境下水对金属锂负极的腐蚀以及提升整个锂空电池的循环稳定性

Figure 4. The electrochemical performance of LABs operated in an ambient air atmosphere (RH: 70%). (a) Comparison of cycle performance of Li/Li symmetrical cells operated in an ambient air atmosphere, showing PTFE@PS membrane enhances the cyclability of Li-metal anodes. (b) SEM images of cycles Li-metal surface assembled without (left) and with PTFE@PS membrane (right), where the entering of H₂O inside the battery can induce severe Li corrosion. (c) XPS atomic ratios of different elements and (d) F1s spectra of SEI in cycled Li surface assembled without and with PTFE@PS membrane. Compared with the one with PTFE@PS membrane, the obvious increase in F, O, Li content of SEI of the cycled Li-metal surface assembled without the membrane is mainly attributed to the fact that the entrance of H₂O could induce continuous SEI reconstruction during repeated electro-plating/stripping processes, thus cause more electrolyte/salt decomposition at the Li/electrolyte interface. (e) Initial full-discharge capacity and (f) cycle performance of LABs operated in an ambient air atmosphere (RH: 70%). The remarkable battery performance enhancement of LABs with the aid of PTFE@PS membrane is mainly ascribed to its strong moisture-proof property that effectively suppresses the crossover of H₂O towards the entire LABs systems.

Oxygen-Permeable and Moisture-Proof Membrane for Stable Li-O₂/Air Batteries in Humid Working Environment

孙世刚教授 中国科学院院士，教授、博士生导师，获国家自然科学奖二等奖、教育部自然科学奖一等奖、国际电化学会Brian Conway奖章、中法化学讲座奖和中国电化学贡献奖；被评为全国优秀科技工作者、全国模范教师和全国优秀博士学位论文指导教师。

任固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室学术委员会主任，中国化学会副理事长。任国际Electrochimica Acta副主编、J. Electroanal. Chem.、ACS Energy Letters和国内《应用化学》编委，《物理化学学报》、《光谱学与光谱分析》、《化学学报》和《化学教育》副主编、《Journal of Electrochemistry》（电化学）主编。

学术成果：以第一作者和通讯作者身份在Nature Energy, Nature Catalysis, Joule (5篇), Angew. Chem. (5篇), Energy Environ. Sci. (4篇), Adv. Mater. (6篇), Adv. Energy Mater. (5篇) 等科研期刊发表学术论文40余篇。获奖情况：国家海外高层次人才引进计划（青年项目，2019批次）；厦门大学“南强青年拔尖人才支持计划”（A类，2021年度）；厦门市高层次人才引进计划（双百计划）；厦门市高层次留学人员；日本文部省奖学金；国家留学基金委CSC高水平公派奖学金等。

主要从事高能量密度二次电池(锂离子电池、金属锂电池和全固态电池等)关键材料结构和界面表征、机理研究和失效分析，尤其擅长采用冷冻电镜技术研究辐照敏感材料。至今已在Nature、Nature Materials、Chemical Reviews、Joule、Energy & Environmental Science、Journal of American Chemical Society、Nano Letter等国际知名学术期刊上发表学术论文100余篇，引用6300余次。

博士后1-2名（隶属嘉庚创新实验室）

应聘条件：

1、已取得或即将取得博士学位，年龄在35周岁以下；

2、具有独立开展研究工作的能力，以第一作者身份发表过二次电池能源电化学方向SCI一区论文2篇以上（能力特别突出、或课题组紧缺方向可降低要求）；

3、熟练掌握锂离子电池为主的二次电池体系相关知识，有较强的独立研究工作能力。优先考虑具有材料和结构、原位气相质谱、原位红外光谱等研究背景的申请者；

4、良好的英文阅读与写作能力；并且能够协助指导研究生完成科研工作（另有偿）；

5、优秀的学术道德和团队合作精神。

待遇条件：

1、基本薪酬 ：30 w以上，面议；

2、提供厦大博士后公寓（翔安校区：约六七十平方米，房租 8-10元/平方米/月）或相应租房补贴；

3、博士后子女按学校教职工子女同等待遇办理入托儿所、幼儿园、入学；

【注】入选 “博士后创新人才支持计划项目（博新计划）”、“香江学者计划”者，相关待遇按照国家及厦门大学相关规定执行。

详情和具体规定，请登录厦大博士后网站查询：https://postdoctor.xmu.edu.cn/main.htm4、成果特别突出的博士后，可协助其申报厦门大学南强拔尖人才计划，入选后可直接聘为正式副教授、特任研究员，具体待遇如下：享受厦门大学教授同等待遇，年薪35万；购房和安家补贴100万元，并可优先享受政府人才购房政策；学校提供100-200万元科研启动经费；每年可配备至少两名硕博士研究生，协助完成科研工作。

申请方式：

欢迎感兴趣的学者加盟，提供以下材料：个人简历，包括学习工作经历、主要研究工作内容、代表论文论著清单、代表作、获得的奖励情况等，发送至以下邮箱，邮件主题请注明“姓名+博士后申请”。

邮箱：[email protected]（cc: [email protected]）