西洋书法你知多少?(一)

除了中国,你知道其他国家有书法吗?其实有文字就有书法。

书接上文,这次我们来了解西洋书法。Europe (欧洲)

Main article: Western calligraphy (西方书法)History (历史)

Western calligraphy is recognizable by the use of the Latin . The Latin alphabet appeared about 600 BC, in Rome, and by the first century developed into Roman imperial capitals carved on stones, Rustic capitals painted on walls, and Roman cursive for daily use. In the second and third centuries the uncial lettering style developed. As writing withdrew to monasteries, uncial was found more suitable for copying the Bible and other religious texts. It was the monasteries which preserved calligraphic traditions during the fourth and fifth centuries, when the Roman Empire fell and Europe entered the Dark Ages.

通过拉丁文可以认识西方书法。拉丁字母出现在大约公元前600年的罗马,并在第一世纪时发展到刻在罗马帝国的首都石头上,首都郊区的墙上,以及日常使用的罗马草书。到第二和第三世纪,出现了uncial(安色尔)风格字体。随着写作移到修道院,发现安色尔字体更适合用来誊写圣经和其他宗教文本。在第四和第五世纪,当罗马帝国沦陷和欧洲进入黑暗时代时,修道院还保留着书法传统。

At the height of the Empire, its power reached as far as Great Britain; when the empire fell, its literary influence remained. The Semi-uncial generated the Irish Semi-uncial, the small Anglo-Saxon. Each region developed its own standards following the main monastery of the region (i.e. Merovingian , Laon , Luxeuil , Visigothic , Beneventan ), which are mostly cursive and hardly readable.

在帝国最繁荣时,它控制了英国; 虽然后来帝国沦陷了,但它的文学影响依然存在。由Semi-uncial产生的爱尔兰Semi-uncial,small Anglo-Saxon。每个地区遵循该地区的主要修道院制定了自己的标准(即Merovingian ,Laon ,Luxeuil ,Visigothic ,Beneventan ),这些字体大多是草书,读起来有些困难。

Christian churches promoted the development of writing through the prolific copying of the Bible, particularly the New Testament and other sacred texts. Two distinct styles of writing known as uncial and half-uncial (from the Latin "uncia", or "inch") developed from a variety of Roman bookhands. The 7th-9th centuries in northern Europe were the heyday of Celtic illuminated manus, such as the Book of Durrow, Lindisfarne Gospels and the Book of Kells.

基督教教会通过大量复制圣经,特别是新约圣经和其他经书,促进了书法的发展。两种不同的书法风格,称为uncial和half-uncial(来自拉丁语“uncia”,或“inch”),由各种罗马书籍发展而来。在7-9世纪的欧洲北部是凯尔特人泥金装饰手抄本的鼎盛时期,如“敦刻之书”,“林迪斯法恩福音书”和“凯尔斯书”。

写到这里,我们先一起欣赏一下凯尔斯书。

注:凯尔斯书(Book of Kells),约在8世纪后期—9世纪早期制成的带有泥金装饰画的四部《新约福音书》手抄本,它是华美的爱尔兰-撒克逊风格风格的一个杰作,特点是用几何设计而不是自然主义的重现,彩色的平面和复杂的交错图型,得名于凯尔斯修道院,可能在苏格兰的爱奥那岛上的爱尔兰修道院里开始绘制。经维京人袭击後,很明显这本书被拿到了米斯郡的凯尔斯修道院,在那里完成了许多部分。

是不是与你印象中的书法有很大不同,说是书法,简直比画还要华丽,有没有?

因为时间不早了,今天就先更新到这里,有兴趣的可以关注我,我们一起学习,有问题请留言,谢谢!

最后上传一个今天写的拙作。

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