世界罕见的《西夏文铜币一组》鉴赏，解析神秘的西夏王朝！

西夏王朝是一个由党项人建立的地方割据政权，其国号“大夏”，自称“大白高国”。《宋史》称之为“夏国”；《辽史》和《金史》称之为“西夏”；后人多沿用“西夏”之称。西夏都城为兴庆府，后改称“中兴府”，即今天的宁夏银川市。西夏王朝历时189年（1038—1227年）。如果从太祖李继迁公元982年叛宋算起，至公元1227年西夏王朝被成吉思汗所部灭亡，历时246年。其残存的民族已融入汉、藏、蒙、回等民族之中。

The Xixia Dynasty was a local separatist regime established by the party's people. Its national name was “Da Xia” and claimed to be “Dabai Gaoguo”. "History of Song Dynasty" is called "Xia Guo"; "Liao History" and "Gold History" are called "Western Xia"; later generations use the name of "Western Xia". Xixia Capital City is Xingqing House, later renamed as "Zhongxing House", today's Yinchuan City, Ningxia. The Xixia Dynasty lasted for 189 years (1038-1227). If the Taizu Li Jiqian was counted in the rebellion of the 982 AD, the Xixia Dynasty was destroyed by Genghis Khan in 1227 AD, which lasted for 246 years. Its remaining people have been integrated into the Han, Tibetan, Mongolian and Hui ethnic groups.

西夏王朝的疆域范围在今宁夏大部、甘肃西北部、青海东北部、内蒙古中西部以及陕西北部地区。东尽黄河，西至玉门，南接萧关（今宁夏同心县南），北控大漠，占地两万余里。人口约400万人，军队约70万人。与辽、宋、吐蕃诸部为邻。金朝灭辽宋后与金朝相邻。西夏王朝称帝号的有十位皇帝，使用了32个年号，历时189年，除献宗德旺、末主睍在位时没有铸造钱币外，其他八位皇帝在位期间都铸造了钱币。西夏王朝货币与同时期的辽、宋、金货币混用，同时还沿用了唐朝的货币，其中以“开元通宝”最多。西夏王朝货币除作为流通工具外，还作为衡量价值尺度的标准，广泛应用于税赋、量刑、处罚、赏赐、官员俸禄支付等。

The territory of the Xixia Dynasty is in most of Ningxia, northwestern Gansu, northeastern Qinghai, central and western Inner Mongolia, and northwestern Shaanxi. East to the Yellow River, west to Yumen, south to Xiaoguan (now Ningxia Tongxin County South), north of the desert, covering more than 20,000 miles. The population is about 4 million and the army is about 700,000. It is adjacent to the Liao, Song and Tubo ministries. After the Jin Dynasty was destroyed by the Liao Dynasty, it was adjacent to the Jin Dynasty. Ten emperors of the Xixia Dynasty called the Emperor, using 32 years, lasting 189 years, except for the donation of Zong Dewang, the last master was not in the coin, the other eight emperors cast coins during the reign. . The currency of the Xixia Dynasty was mixed with the Liao, Song and Jin currencies of the same period. At the same time, the currency of the Tang Dynasty was also used, among which the “Kaiyuan Tongbao” was the most. In addition to being a circulation tool, the Xixia Dynasty currency is also used as a measure of value scale and is widely used in taxation, sentencing, punishment, rewards, and payment by officials.

钱币是商品经济发展到一定阶段的产物，是社会政治、经济、文化发展的综合反映。通过研究西夏钱币，达到“以钱证史、以钱补史”，来了解一千年前的西夏社会，了解一千年前的西夏社会政治、经济、文化发展的脉络，具有极高的研究价值。

Coins are the product of the development of commodity economy to a certain stage, and are a comprehensive reflection of social, political, economic and cultural development. Through the study of Xixia coins, we can understand the history of money and the history of money, and learn about the Xixia society a thousand years ago, and understand the context of social, political, economic and cultural development in Xixia a thousand years ago. It has a very high research. value.

西夏王朝铸造流通的钱币主要以铜钱为主，兼用铁钱，少量使用白银。自铸钱少，多用宋钱，少量使用唐钱。边远地区始终以物物交换为主。西夏钱币的研究，主要以铜铁钱币为主，同时也涉及金银、交钞的研究。

The coins that were minted in the Xixia Dynasty were mainly copper coins, which used both iron money and a small amount of silver. Since the construction of less money, more use of Song money, a small amount of use Tang money. Remote areas always rely on the exchange of objects. The research on Xixia coins mainly focuses on copper and iron coins, and also involves the study of gold and silver and banknotes.

西夏文字是西夏王朝法定文字，也是西夏王朝铸币使用的主要文字。西夏钱币是西夏社会商品经济发展到一定阶段的产物。西夏商业贸易的发展、繁荣离不开货币，货币作为商品交换的工具，为西夏与辽、宋、金、吐蕃诸部之间的贸易往来和内部交换起着重要作用。西夏王朝雄据中外陆上丝绸之路主道河西走廊，商业贸易在其社会经济中占有重要地位，西夏非常重视与辽、宋、金诸国和西方的贸易往来。

The Xixia script is the legal text of the Xixia Dynasty and the main text used by the Xixia Dynasty. Xixia coins are the product of the development of Xixia social commodity economy to a certain stage. The development and prosperity of Xixia commercial trade is inseparable from currency. Money as a tool for commodity exchange plays an important role in trade and internal exchange between Xixia and Liao, Song, Jin and Tubo. Xixia Dynasty is based on the Hexi Corridor, the main road of the Silk Road in China and abroad. Commercial trade plays an important role in its social economy. Xixia attaches great importance to trade with Liao, Song, Jin, and the West.

目前面文为西夏文的钱币已经发现有五种，分别是“福圣宝钱”，“大安宝钱”，“贞观宝钱”，“乾祐宝钱”，以及“天庆宝钱”。这五种钱币正面为西夏文，背面为光背，形制都为小平铜钱，非常少见，属于珍稀的古钱币。

汉字体的西夏钱币按照年号分目前已经发现有八种，这些钱币的书体均为楷书。分别为“大安”、“大德”、“元德”、“天盛”、“乾祐”，“天庆”，“皇建”，以及“光定”。在这些钱币中除了“元德重宝”为折二钱外，其余都是小平钱。西夏钱币的铸造大都比较精美，而且书法俊逸、流畅。

At present, there are five kinds of coins for Xixiawen, namely “Fushengbao Money”, “Daanbao Money”, “Zhaoguanbao Money”, “Zhubao Money”, and “Tianqingbao Money”. These five kinds of coins are in front of Xixia, the back is light back, and the shape is Xiaoping copper coins. It is very rare and belongs to rare ancient coins. The Western Xia coins of the Chinese fonts have been found to have eight types according to the year number. The books of these coins are all scripts. They are “Daan”, “Dade”, “Yuande”, “Tiansheng”, “乾祐”, “Tianqing”, “皇建”, and “光定”. In addition to the "Yuande heavy treasure" in these coins, the rest are small money. The casting of Xixia coins is mostly beautiful, and the calligraphy is smooth and smooth.

作为政权国家的象征和社会的实际需要，西夏王朝也铸造了本王朝的钱币，但数量较少。

这些钱币，除铁钱出土时就锈蚀严重和没有引起重视损失较多外，部分由国家和地方博物馆、文化馆收藏，还有相当少的一部分在钱币收藏家和钱币爱好者的收藏箧中。。物以稀为贵，此组西夏文钱币为新发现的第六种和第七种，实属罕见，具有极高的研究价值，历史文化价值，和收藏投资价值。

As a symbol of the political power and the actual needs of society, the Xixia Dynasty also minted the coins of the dynasty, but the number was small.

These coins, in addition to the iron money unearthed, were severely rusted and did not cause much loss of attention. Some of them were collected by national and local museums and cultural centers, and quite a few were in the collections of coin collectors and coin lovers. . The object is rare, and this group of Xixiawen coins is the sixth and seventh species newly discovered. It is rare, with high research value, historical and cultural value, and collection investment value.

此藏品将于2018年11月在马来西亚吉隆坡罗斯柴尔德拍卖行与广大藏友会面竞卖本件拍品，请于本公司相关业务人员联系提前办理特殊竞投号牌。

This collection will be auctioned in November 2018 at the Rothschild auction house in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and the majority of Tibetan friends. Please contact the relevant business personnel of the company to contact the special bidding plate in advance.