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openssl用于加解密，已经是事实上的标准，帮助手册如下。
OPENSSL(1SSL) OpenSSL OPENSSL(1SSL)
NAME
openssl - OpenSSL command line program
SYNOPSIS
openssl command [ options ... ] [ parameters ... ]
openssl list standard-commands | digest-commands | cipher-commands | cipher-
algorithms | digest-algorithms | mac-algorithms | public-key-algorithms
openssl no-XXX [ options ]
DESCRIPTION
OpenSSL is a cryptography toolkit implementing the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL
v2/v3) and Transport Layer Security (TLS v1) network protocols and related
cryptography standards required by them.
The openssl program is a command line program for using the various cryptography
functions of OpenSSL's crypto library from the shell. It can be used for
o Creation and management of private keys, public keys and parameters
o Public key cryptographic operations
o Creation of X.509 certificates, CSRs and CRLs
o Calculation of Message Digests and Message Authentication Codes
o Encryption and Decryption with Ciphers
o SSL/TLS Client and Server Tests
o Handling of S/MIME signed or encrypted mail
o Timestamp requests, generation and verification
COMMAND SUMMARY
The openssl program provides a rich variety of commands (command in the "SYNOPSIS"
above). Each command can have many options and argument parameters, shown above
as options and parameters.
Detailed documentation and use cases for most standard subcommands are available
(e.g., openssl-x509(1)).
The list options -standard-commands, -digest-commands, and -cipher-commands output
a list (one entry per line) of the names of all standard commands, message digest
commands, or cipher commands, respectively, that are available.
The list parameters -cipher-algorithms, -digest-algorithms, and -mac-algorithms
list all cipher, message digest, and message authentication code names, one entry
per line. Aliases are listed as:
from => to
The list parameter -public-key-algorithms lists all supported public key
algorithms.
The command no-XXX tests whether a command of the specified name is available. If
no command named XXX exists, it returns 0 (success) and prints no-XXX; otherwise
it returns 1 and prints XXX. In both cases, the output goes to stdout and nothing
is printed to stderr. Additional command line arguments are always ignored.
Since for each cipher there is a command of the same name, this provides an easy
way for shell scripts to test for the availability of ciphers in the openssl
program. (no-XXX is not able to detect pseudo-commands such as quit, list, or
no-XXX itself.)
Configuration Option
Many commands use an external configuration file for some or all of their
arguments and have a -config option to specify that file. The default name of the
file is openssl.cnf in the default certificate storage area, which can be
determined from the openssl-version(1) command using the -d or -a option. The
environment variable OPENSSL_CONF can be used to specify a different file location
or to disable loading a configuration (using the empty string).
Among others, the configuration file can be used to load modules and to specify
parameters for generating certificates and random numbers. See config(5) for
details.
Standard Commands
asn1parse
Parse an ASN.1 sequence.
ca Certificate Authority (CA) Management.
ciphers
Cipher Suite Description Determination.
cms CMS (Cryptographic Message Syntax) command.
crl Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Management.
crl2pkcs7
CRL to PKCS#7 Conversion.
dgst
Message Digest calculation. MAC calculations are superseded by openssl-mac(1).
dhparam
Generation and Management of Diffie-Hellman Parameters. Superseded by
openssl-genpkey(1) and openssl-pkeyparam(1).
dsa DSA Data Management.
dsaparam
DSA Parameter Generation and Management. Superseded by openssl-genpkey(1) and
openssl-pkeyparam(1).
ec EC (Elliptic curve) key processing.
ecparam
EC parameter manipulation and generation.
enc Encryption, decryption, and encoding.
engine
Engine (loadable module) information and manipulation.
errstr
Error Number to Error String Conversion.
fipsinstall
FIPS configuration installation.
gendsa
Generation of DSA Private Key from Parameters. Superseded by
openssl-genpkey(1) and openssl-pkey(1).
genpkey
Generation of Private Key or Parameters.
genrsa
Generation of RSA Private Key. Superseded by openssl-genpkey(1).
help
Display information about a command's options.
info
Display diverse information built into the OpenSSL libraries.
kdf Key Derivation Functions.
list
List algorithms and features.
mac Message Authentication Code Calculation.
nseq
Create or examine a Netscape certificate sequence.
ocsp
Online Certificate Status Protocol command.
passwd
Generation of hashed passwords.
pkcs12
PKCS#12 Data Management.
pkcs7
PKCS#7 Data Management.
pkcs8
PKCS#8 format private key conversion command.
pkey
Public and private key management.
pkeyparam
Public key algorithm parameter management.
pkeyutl
Public key algorithm cryptographic operation command.
prime
Compute prime numbers.
rand
Generate pseudo-random bytes.
rehash
Create symbolic links to certificate and CRL files named by the hash values.
req PKCS#10 X.509 Certificate Signing Request (CSR) Management.
rsa RSA key management.
rsautl
RSA command for signing, verification, encryption, and decryption. Superseded
by openssl-pkeyutl(1).
s_client
This implements a generic SSL/TLS client which can establish a transparent
connection to a remote server speaking SSL/TLS. It's intended for testing
purposes only and provides only rudimentary interface functionality but
internally uses mostly all functionality of the OpenSSL ssl library.
s_server
This implements a generic SSL/TLS server which accepts connections from remote
clients speaking SSL/TLS. It's intended for testing purposes only and provides
only rudimentary interface functionality but internally uses mostly all
functionality of the OpenSSL ssl library. It provides both an own command
line oriented protocol for testing SSL functions and a simple HTTP response
facility to emulate an SSL/TLS-aware webserver.
s_time
SSL Connection Timer.
sess_id
SSL Session Data Management.
smime
S/MIME mail processing.
speed
Algorithm Speed Measurement.
spkac
SPKAC printing and generating command.
srp Maintain SRP password file. This command is deprecated.
storeutl
Command to list and display certificates, keys, CRLs, etc.
ts Time Stamping Authority command.
verify
X.509 Certificate Verification. See also the openssl-verification-options(1)
manual page.
version
OpenSSL Version Information.
x509
X.509 Certificate Data Management.
Message Digest Commands
blake2b512
BLAKE2b-512 Digest
blake2s256
BLAKE2s-256 Digest
md2 MD2 Digest
md4 MD4 Digest
md5 MD5 Digest
mdc2
MDC2 Digest
rmd160
RMD-160 Digest
sha1
SHA-1 Digest
sha224
SHA-2 224 Digest
sha256
SHA-2 256 Digest
sha384
SHA-2 384 Digest
sha512
SHA-2 512 Digest
sha3-224
SHA-3 224 Digest
sha3-256
SHA-3 256 Digest
sha3-384
SHA-3 384 Digest
sha3-512
SHA-3 512 Digest
shake128
SHA-3 SHAKE128 Digest
shake256
SHA-3 SHAKE256 Digest
sm3 SM3 Digest
Encryption, Decryption, and Encoding Commands
The following aliases provide convenient access to the most used encodings and
ciphers.
Depending on how OpenSSL was configured and built, not all ciphers listed here may
be present. See openssl-enc(1) for more information.
aes128, aes-128-cbc, aes-128-cfb, aes-128-ctr, aes-128-ecb, aes-128-ofb
AES-128 Cipher
aes192, aes-192-cbc, aes-192-cfb, aes-192-ctr, aes-192-ecb, aes-192-ofb
AES-192 Cipher
aes256, aes-256-cbc, aes-256-cfb, aes-256-ctr, aes-256-ecb, aes-256-ofb
AES-256 Cipher
aria128, aria-128-cbc, aria-128-cfb, aria-128-ctr, aria-128-ecb, aria-128-ofb
Aria-128 Cipher
aria192, aria-192-cbc, aria-192-cfb, aria-192-ctr, aria-192-ecb, aria-192-ofb
Aria-192 Cipher
aria256, aria-256-cbc, aria-256-cfb, aria-256-ctr, aria-256-ecb, aria-256-ofb
Aria-256 Cipher
base64
Base64 Encoding
bf, bf-cbc, bf-cfb, bf-ecb, bf-ofb
Blowfish Cipher
camellia128, camellia-128-cbc, camellia-128-cfb, camellia-128-ctr,
camellia-128-ecb, camellia-128-ofb
Camellia-128 Cipher
camellia192, camellia-192-cbc, camellia-192-cfb, camellia-192-ctr,
camellia-192-ecb, camellia-192-ofb
Camellia-192 Cipher
camellia256, camellia-256-cbc, camellia-256-cfb, camellia-256-ctr,
camellia-256-ecb, camellia-256-ofb
Camellia-256 Cipher
cast, cast-cbc
CAST Cipher
cast5-cbc, cast5-cfb, cast5-ecb, cast5-ofb
CAST5 Cipher
chacha20
Chacha20 Cipher
des, des-cbc, des-cfb, des-ecb, des-ede, des-ede-cbc, des-ede-cfb, des-ede-ofb,
des-ofb
DES Cipher
des3, desx, des-ede3, des-ede3-cbc, des-ede3-cfb, des-ede3-ofb
Triple-DES Cipher
idea, idea-cbc, idea-cfb, idea-ecb, idea-ofb
IDEA Cipher
rc2, rc2-cbc, rc2-cfb, rc2-ecb, rc2-ofb
RC2 Cipher
rc4 RC4 Cipher
rc5, rc5-cbc, rc5-cfb, rc5-ecb, rc5-ofb
RC5 Cipher
seed, seed-cbc, seed-cfb, seed-ecb, seed-ofb
SEED Cipher
sm4, sm4-cbc, sm4-cfb, sm4-ctr, sm4-ecb, sm4-ofb
SM4 Cipher
OPTIONS
Details of which options are available depend on the specific command. This
section describes some common options with common behavior.
Common Options
-help
Provides a terse summary of all options. If an option takes an argument, the
"type" of argument is also given.
-- This terminates the list of options. It is mostly useful if any filename
parameters start with a minus sign:
openssl verify [flags...] -- -cert1.pem...
Format Options
See openssl-format-options(1) for manual page.
Pass Phrase Options
See the openssl-passphrase-options(1) manual page.
Random State Options
Prior to OpenSSL 1.1.1, it was common for applications to store information about
the state of the random-number generator in a file that was loaded at startup and
rewritten upon exit. On modern operating systems, this is generally no longer
necessary as OpenSSL will seed itself from a trusted entropy source provided by
the operating system. These flags are still supported for special platforms or
circumstances that might require them.
It is generally an error to use the same seed file more than once and every use of
-rand should be paired with -writerand.
-rand files
A file or files containing random data used to seed the random number
generator. Multiple files can be specified separated by an OS-dependent
character. The separator is ";" for MS-Windows, "," for OpenVMS, and ":" for
all others. Another way to specify multiple files is to repeat this flag with
different filenames.
-writerand file
Writes the seed data to the specified file upon exit. This file can be used
in a subsequent command invocation.
Certificate Verification Options
See the openssl-verification-options(1) manual page.
Name Format Options
See the openssl-namedisplay-options(1) manual page.
TLS Version Options
Several commands use SSL, TLS, or DTLS. By default, the commands use TLS and
clients will offer the lowest and highest protocol version they support, and
servers will pick the highest version that the client offers that is also
supported by the server.
The options below can be used to limit which protocol versions are used, and
whether TCP (SSL and TLS) or UDP (DTLS) is used. Note that not all protocols and
flags may be available, depending on how OpenSSL was built.
-ssl3, -tls1, -tls1_1, -tls1_2, -tls1_3, -no_ssl3, -no_tls1, -no_tls1_1,
-no_tls1_2, -no_tls1_3
These options require or disable the use of the specified SSL or TLS
protocols. When a specific TLS version is required, only that version will be
offered or accepted. Only one specific protocol can be given and it cannot be
combined with any of the no_ options.
-dtls, -dtls1, -dtls1_2
These options specify to use DTLS instead of DLTS. With -dtls, clients will
negotiate any supported DTLS protocol version. Use the -dtls1 or -dtls1_2
options to support only DTLS1.0 or DTLS1.2, respectively.
Engine Options
-engine id
Load the engine identified by id and use all the methods it implements
(algorithms, key storage, etc.), unless specified otherwise in the command-
specific documentation or it is configured to do so, as described in "Engine
Configuration" in config(5).
The engine will be used for key ids specified with -key and similar options
when an option like -keyform engine is given.
A special case is the "loader_attic" engine, which is meant just for internal
OpenSSL testing purposes and supports loading keys, parameters, certificates,
and CRLs from files. When this engine is used, files with such credentials
are read via this engine. Using the "file:" schema is optional; a plain file
(path) name will do.
Options specifying keys, like -key and similar, can use the generic OpenSSL engine
key loading URI scheme "org.openssl.engine:" to retrieve private keys and public
keys. The URI syntax is as follows, in simplified form:
org.openssl.engine:{engineid}:{keyid}
Where "{engineid}" is the identity/name of the engine, and "{keyid}" is a key
identifier that's acceptable by that engine. For example, when using an engine
that interfaces against a PKCS#11 implementation, the generic key URI would be
something like this (this happens to be an example for the PKCS#11 engine that's
part of OpenSC):
-key org.openssl.engine:pkcs11:label_some-private-key
As a third possibility, for engines and providers that have implemented their own
OSSL_STORE_LOADER(3), "org.openssl.engine:" should not be necessary. For a
PKCS#11 implementation that has implemented such a loader, the PKCS#11 URI as
defined in RFC 7512 should be possible to use directly:
-key pkcs11:object=some-private-key;pin-value=1234
Provider Options
-provider name
Load and initialize the provider identified by name. The name can be also a
path to the provider module. In that case the provider name will be the
specified path and not just the provider module name. Interpretation of
relative paths is platform specific. The configured "MODULESDIR" path,
OPENSSL_MODULES environment variable, or the path specified by -provider-path
is prepended to relative paths. See provider(7) for a more detailed
description.
-provider-path path
Specifies the search path that is to be used for looking for providers.
Equivalently, the OPENSSL_MODULES environment variable may be set.
-propquery propq
Specifies the property query clause to be used when fetching algorithms from
the loaded providers. See property(7) for a more detailed description.
ENVIRONMENT
The OpenSSL library can be take some configuration parameters from the
environment. Some of these variables are listed below. For information about
specific commands, see openssl-engine(1), openssl-rehash(1), and tsget(1).
For information about the use of environment variables in configuration, see
"ENVIRONMENT" in config(5).
For information about querying or specifying CPU architecture flags, see
OPENSSL_ia32cap(3), and OPENSSL_s390xcap(3).
For information about all environment variables used by the OpenSSL libraries, see
openssl-env(7).
OPENSSL_TRACE=name[,...]
Enable tracing output of OpenSSL library, by name. This output will only make
sense if you know OpenSSL internals well. Also, it might not give you any
output at all, depending on how OpenSSL was built.
The value is a comma separated list of names, with the following available:
TRACE
The tracing functionality.
TLS General SSL/TLS.
TLS_CIPHER
SSL/TLS cipher.
CONF
Show details about provider and engine configuration.
ENGINE_TABLE
The function that is used by RSA, DSA (etc) code to select registered
ENGINEs, cache defaults and functional references (etc), will generate
debugging summaries.
ENGINE_REF_COUNT
Reference counts in the ENGINE structure will be monitored with a line of
generated for each change.
PKCS5V2
PKCS#5 v2 keygen.
PKCS12_KEYGEN
PKCS#12 key generation.
PKCS12_DECRYPT
PKCS#12 decryption.
X509V3_POLICY
Generates the complete policy tree at various point during X.509 v3 policy
evaluation.
BN_CTX
BIGNUM context.
SEE ALSO
openssl-asn1parse(1), openssl-ca(1), openssl-ciphers(1), openssl-cms(1),
openssl-crl(1), openssl-crl2pkcs7(1), openssl-dgst(1), openssl-dhparam(1),
openssl-dsa(1), openssl-dsaparam(1), openssl-ec(1), openssl-ecparam(1),
openssl-enc(1), openssl-engine(1), openssl-errstr(1), openssl-gendsa(1),
openssl-genpkey(1), openssl-genrsa(1), openssl-kdf(1), openssl-mac(1),
openssl-nseq(1), openssl-ocsp(1), openssl-passwd(1), openssl-pkcs12(1),
openssl-pkcs7(1), openssl-pkcs8(1), openssl-pkey(1), openssl-pkeyparam(1),
openssl-pkeyutl(1), openssl-prime(1), openssl-rand(1), openssl-rehash(1),
openssl-req(1), openssl-rsa(1), openssl-rsautl(1), openssl-s_client(1),
openssl-s_server(1), openssl-s_time(1), openssl-sess_id(1), openssl-smime(1),
openssl-speed(1), openssl-spkac(1), openssl-srp(1), openssl-storeutl(1),
openssl-ts(1), openssl-verify(1), openssl-version(1), openssl-x509(1), config(5),
crypto(7), openssl-env(7). ssl(7), x509v3_config(5)
HISTORY
The list -XXX-algorithms options were added in OpenSSL 1.0.0; For notes on the
availability of other commands, see their individual manual pages.
The -issuer_checks option is deprecated as of OpenSSL 1.1.0 and is silently
ignored.
The -xcertform and -xkeyform options are obsolete since OpenSSL 3.0 and have no
effect.
The interactive mode, which could be invoked by running "openssl" with no further
arguments, was removed in OpenSSL 3.0, and running that program with no arguments
is now equivalent to "openssl help".
COPYRIGHT
Copyright 2000-2021 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the "License"). You may not use this file
except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy in the file LICENSE
in the source distribution or at .
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