前言：

本文主要讲解如何在ubuntu系统上搭建qemu环境用于学习linux。

安装相关工具

sudo apt-get install qemu libncurses5-dev gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi build-essential

下载kernel(linux-4.0)与busybox(1.24)源码

https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v4.x/

https://busybox.net/downloads/busybox-1.24.0.tar.bz2

编译最小文件系统

解压busybox

export ARCH=arm
export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi-

make menuconfig   选中静态编译
|
Busybox Settings  ---> 
    |
    [*] Build BusyBox as a static binary (no shared libs)

make install 

cd _install
mkdir etc dev mnt
mkdir -p etc/init.d/
cd etc/init.d/

vim rcS
mkdir -p /proc
mkdir -p /tmp
mkdir -p /sys
mkdir -p /mnt
/bin/mount -a
mkdir -p /dev/pts
mount -t devpts devpts /dev/pts
echo /sbin/mdev > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
mdev -s

chmod a+x rcS

cd ..
vim fstab
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
tmpfs /dev tmpfs defaults 0 0
debugfs /sys/kernel/debug defaults defaults 0 0

vim inittab
::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS
::respawn:-/bin/sh
::askfirst:-/bin/sh
::ctrlaltdel:/bin/umount -a -r

cd ..
cd dev 
sudo mknod console c 5 1
sudo mknod null c 1 3拷贝交叉工具链的库到根文件系统cp /opt/gcc-linaro-4.9.4-2017.01-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabi/arm-linux-gnueabi/libc/lib/*so* lib/ -dcp /opt/gcc-linaro-4.9.4-2017.01-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabi/arm-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/lib/*so* usr/lib -d
生成ext3镜像文件并挂载  sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=a9rootfs.ext3 bs=1M count=32 
mkfs.ext3 path/a9rootfs.ext3
mkdir tmpfs
sudo mount -t ext3 a9rootfs.ext3 tmpfs -o loop
sudo cp -r rootfs/*tmpfs
sudo umount tmpfs 启动参数要添加-sd选项进入系统执行mount -t ext3 /dev/mmcblk0 /mnt/

linux编译配置

export ARCH=arm
export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi-
make vexpress_defconfig

make menuconfig
General setup  ---> 
    [*] Initial RAM filesystem and RAM disk (initramfs/initrd) support                                                              
    (_install) Initramfs source file(s) 

  ()  Default kernel command string

Kernel Features  ---> 
Memory split (3G/1G user/kernel split)  ---> 
(X) 3G/1G user/kernel split 



make bzImage -j4 ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi-
make dtbs启动qemu
qemu-system-arm -M vexpress-a9 -smp 4 -m 1024M -kernel arch/arm/boot/zImage -append "rdinit=/linuxrc console=ttyAMA0 loglevel=8" -dtb arch/arm/boot/dts/vexpress-v2p-ca9.dtb -nographic

结尾语