本文,我们将学习如何使用SnakeYAML库将
YAML文档转换为Java对象,以及JAVA对象如何序列化为YAML文档。
要在项目中使用SnakeYAML,需要添加Maven依赖项
org.yaml snakeyaml 1.25
该YAML类是API的入口点:
Yaml yaml = new Yaml()
由于实现不是线程安全的,因此不同的线程必须具有自己的Yaml实例。
SnakeYAML支持从String或InputStream加载文档,我们从定义一个简单的YAML文档开始,然后将文件命名为customer.yaml:
firstName: "John"lastName: "Doe"age: 20
现在,我们将使用Yaml类来解析上述YAML文档:
Yaml yaml = new Yaml();InputStream inputStream = this.getClass() .getClassLoader() .getResourceAsStream("customer.yaml");Map obj = yaml.load(inputStream);System.out.println(obj);
上面的代码生成以下输出:
{firstName=John, lastName=Doe, age=20}
默认情况下,load()方法返回一个Map对象。查询Map对象时,我们需要事先知道属性键的名称,否则容易出错。更好的办法是自定义类型。
SnakeYAML提供了一种将文档解析为自定义类型的方法
让我们定义一个Customer类,然后尝试再次加载该文档:
public class Customer { private String firstName; private String lastName; private int age; // getters and setters}
现在我么来加载:
Yaml yaml = new Yaml();InputStream inputStream = this.getClass() .getClassLoader() .getResourceAsStream("customer.yaml");Customer customer = yaml.load(inputStream);
还有一种方法是使用Constructor:
Yaml yaml = new Yaml(new Constructor(Customer.class));
如果没有为给定属性定义类型,则库会自动将值转换为隐式type。
例如:
1.0 -> Float42 -> Integer2009-03-30 -> Date
让我们使用一个TestCase来测试这种隐式类型转换:
@Testpublic void whenLoadYAML_thenLoadCorrectImplicitTypes() { Yaml yaml = new Yaml(); Map
SnakeYAML 支持嵌套的复杂类型。
让我们向“ customer.yaml”添加“ 联系方式” 和“ 地址”详细信息,并将新文件另存为customer_with_contact_details_and_address.yaml.。
现在,我们将分析新的YAML文档:
firstName: "John"lastName: "Doe"age: 31contactDetails: - type: "mobile" number: 123456789 - type: "landline" number: 456786868homeAddress: line: "Xyz, DEF Street" city: "City Y" state: "State Y" zip: 345657
我们来更新java类:
public class Customer { private String firstName; private String lastName; private int age; private List contactDetails; private Address homeAddress; // getters and setters}public class Contact { private String type; private int number; // getters and setters}public class Address { private String line; private String city; private String state; private Integer zip; // getters and setters}
现在,我们来测试下Yaml的load():
@Testpublic void whenLoadYAMLDocumentWithTopLevelClass_thenLoadCorrectJavaObjectWithNestedObjects() { Yaml yaml = new Yaml(new Constructor(Customer.class)); InputStream inputStream = this.getClass() .getClassLoader() .getResourceAsStream("yaml/customer_with_contact_details_and_address.yaml"); Customer customer = yaml.load(inputStream); assertNotNull(customer); assertEquals("John", customer.getFirstName()); assertEquals("Doe", customer.getLastName()); assertEquals(31, customer.getAge()); assertNotNull(customer.getContactDetails()); assertEquals(2, customer.getContactDetails().size()); assertEquals("mobile", customer.getContactDetails() .get(0) .getType()); assertEquals(123456789, customer.getContactDetails() .get(0) .getNumber()); assertEquals("landline", customer.getContactDetails() .get(1) .getType()); assertEquals(456786868, customer.getContactDetails() .get(1) .getNumber()); assertNotNull(customer.getHomeAddress()); assertEquals("Xyz, DEF Street", customer.getHomeAddress() .getLine());}
当给定Java类的一个或多个属性是泛型集合类时,需要通过TypeDescription来指定泛型类型,以以便可以正确解析。
让我们假设一个 一个Customer拥有多个Contact:
firstName: "John"lastName: "Doe"age: 31contactDetails: - { type: "mobile", number: 123456789} - { type: "landline", number: 123456789}
为了能正确解析,我们可以在顶级类上为给定属性指定TypeDescription :
Constructor constructor = new Constructor(Customer.class);TypeDescription customTypeDescription = new TypeDescription(Customer.class);customTypeDescription.addPropertyParameters("contactDetails", Contact.class);constructor.addTypeDescription(customTypeDescription);Yaml yaml = new Yaml(constructor);
在某些情况下,单个文件中可能有多个YAML文档,而我们想解析所有文档。所述YAML类提供了一个LOADALL()方法来完成这种类型的解析。
假设下面的内容在一个文件中:
---firstName: "John"lastName: "Doe"age: 20---firstName: "Jack"lastName: "Jones"age: 25
我们可以使用loadAll()方法解析以上内容,如以下代码示例所示:
@Testpublic void whenLoadMultipleYAMLDocuments_thenLoadCorrectJavaObjects() { Yaml yaml = new Yaml(new Constructor(Customer.class)); InputStream inputStream = this.getClass() .getClassLoader() .getResourceAsStream("yaml/customers.yaml"); int count = 0; for (Object object : yaml.loadAll(inputStream)) { count++; assertTrue(object instanceof Customer); } assertEquals(2,count);}
SnakeYAML 支持 将java对象序列化为yml。
我们将从一个将Map
@Testpublic void whenDumpMap_thenGenerateCorrectYAML() { Map data = new LinkedHashMap(); data.put("name", "Silenthand Olleander"); data.put("race", "Human"); data.put("traits", new String[] { "ONE_HAND", "ONE_EYE" }); Yaml yaml = new Yaml(); StringWriter writer = new StringWriter(); yaml.dump(data, writer); String expectedYaml = "name: Silenthand Olleander
race: Human
traits: [ONE_HAND, ONE_EYE]
"; assertEquals(expectedYaml, writer.toString());}
上面的代码产生以下输出(请注意,使用LinkedHashMap的实例将保留输出数据的顺序):
name: Silenthand Olleanderrace: Humantraits: [ONE_HAND, ONE_EYE]
我们还可以选择将自定义Java类型转储到输出流中。
@Testpublic void whenDumpACustomType_thenGenerateCorrectYAML() { Customer customer = new Customer(); customer.setAge(45); customer.setFirstName("Greg"); customer.setLastName("McDowell"); Yaml yaml = new Yaml(); StringWriter writer = new StringWriter(); yaml.dump(customer, writer); String expectedYaml = "!!com.baeldung.snakeyaml.Customer {age: 45, contactDetails: null, firstName: Greg,
homeAddress: null, lastName: McDowell}
"; assertEquals(expectedYaml, writer.toString());}
生成内容会包含!!com.baeldung.snakeyaml.Customer,为了避免在输出文件中使用标签名,我们可以使用库提供的 dumpAs()方法。
因此,在上面的代码中,我们可以进行以下调整以删除标记:
yaml.dumpAs(customer, Tag.MAP, null);
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