JAVA使用SnakeYAML解析与序列化YAML

1.概述

本文,我们将学习如何使用SnakeYAML库将
YAML文档转换为Java对象,以及JAVA对象如何序列化为YAML文档

2.项目设置

要在项目中使用SnakeYAML,需要添加Maven依赖项

    org.yaml    snakeyaml    1.25

3.入口点

YAML类是API的入口点:

Yaml yaml = new Yaml()

由于实现不是线程安全的,因此不同的线程必须具有自己的Yaml实例。

4.加载YAML文档

SnakeYAML支持从StringInputStream加载文档,我们从定义一个简单的YAML文档开始,然后将文件命名为customer.yaml

firstName: "John"lastName: "Doe"age: 20

4.1 基本用法

现在,我们将使用Yaml类来解析上述YAML文档:

Yaml yaml = new Yaml();InputStream inputStream = this.getClass()  .getClassLoader()  .getResourceAsStream("customer.yaml");Map obj = yaml.load(inputStream);System.out.println(obj);

上面的代码生成以下输出:

{firstName=John, lastName=Doe, age=20}

默认情况下,load()方法返回一个Map对象。查询Map对象时,我们需要事先知道属性键的名称,否则容易出错。更好的办法是自定义类型。

4.2 自定义类型解析

SnakeYAML提供了一种将文档解析为自定义类型的方法

让我们定义一个Customer类,然后尝试再次加载该文档:

public class Customer {    private String firstName;    private String lastName;    private int age;    // getters and setters}

现在我么来加载:

Yaml yaml = new Yaml();InputStream inputStream = this.getClass() .getClassLoader() .getResourceAsStream("customer.yaml");Customer customer = yaml.load(inputStream);

还有一种方法是使用Constructor:

Yaml yaml = new Yaml(new Constructor(Customer.class));

4.3 隐式类型

如果没有为给定属性定义类型,则库会自动将值转换为隐式type

例如:

1.0 -> Float42 -> Integer2009-03-30 -> Date

让我们使用一个TestCase来测试这种隐式类型转换:

@Testpublic void whenLoadYAML_thenLoadCorrectImplicitTypes() {   Yaml yaml = new Yaml();   Map document = yaml.load("3.0: 2022-8-17");   assertNotNull(document);   assertEquals(1, document.size());   assertTrue(document.containsKey(3.0d));   }

4.4 嵌套对象

SnakeYAML 支持嵌套的复杂类型。

让我们向“ customer.yaml”添加“ 联系方式” 和“ 地址”详细信息并将新文件另存为customer_with_contact_details_and_address.yaml.

现在,我们将分析新的YAML文档:

firstName: "John"lastName: "Doe"age: 31contactDetails:   - type: "mobile"     number: 123456789   - type: "landline"     number: 456786868homeAddress:   line: "Xyz, DEF Street"   city: "City Y"   state: "State Y"   zip: 345657

我们来更新java类:

public class Customer {    private String firstName;    private String lastName;    private int age;    private List contactDetails;    private Address homeAddress;        // getters and setters}public class Contact {    private String type;    private int number;    // getters and setters}public class Address {    private String line;    private String city;    private String state;    private Integer zip;    // getters and setters}

现在,我们来测试下Yamlload()

@Testpublic void  whenLoadYAMLDocumentWithTopLevelClass_thenLoadCorrectJavaObjectWithNestedObjects() {    Yaml yaml = new Yaml(new Constructor(Customer.class));    InputStream inputStream = this.getClass()      .getClassLoader()      .getResourceAsStream("yaml/customer_with_contact_details_and_address.yaml");    Customer customer = yaml.load(inputStream);    assertNotNull(customer);    assertEquals("John", customer.getFirstName());    assertEquals("Doe", customer.getLastName());    assertEquals(31, customer.getAge());    assertNotNull(customer.getContactDetails());    assertEquals(2, customer.getContactDetails().size());    assertEquals("mobile", customer.getContactDetails()      .get(0)      .getType());    assertEquals(123456789, customer.getContactDetails()      .get(0)      .getNumber());    assertEquals("landline", customer.getContactDetails()      .get(1)      .getType());    assertEquals(456786868, customer.getContactDetails()      .get(1)      .getNumber());    assertNotNull(customer.getHomeAddress());    assertEquals("Xyz, DEF Street", customer.getHomeAddress()      .getLine());}

4.5 类型安全的集合

当给定Java类的一个或多个属性是泛型集合类时,需要通过TypeDescription来指定泛型类型,以以便可以正确解析。

让我们假设一个 一个Customer拥有多个Contact

firstName: "John"lastName: "Doe"age: 31contactDetails:   - { type: "mobile", number: 123456789}   - { type: "landline", number: 123456789}

为了能正确解析,我们可以在顶级类上为给定属性指定TypeDescription

Constructor constructor = new Constructor(Customer.class);TypeDescription customTypeDescription = new TypeDescription(Customer.class);customTypeDescription.addPropertyParameters("contactDetails", Contact.class);constructor.addTypeDescription(customTypeDescription);Yaml yaml = new Yaml(constructor);

4.6 载入多个文件

在某些情况下,单个文件中可能有多个YAML文档,而我们想解析所有文档。所述YAML类提供了一个LOADALL()方法来完成这种类型的解析。

假设下面的内容在一个文件中:

---firstName: "John"lastName: "Doe"age: 20---firstName: "Jack"lastName: "Jones"age: 25

我们可以使用loadAll()方法解析以上内容,如以下代码示例所示:

@Testpublic void whenLoadMultipleYAMLDocuments_thenLoadCorrectJavaObjects() {    Yaml yaml = new Yaml(new Constructor(Customer.class));    InputStream inputStream = this.getClass()      .getClassLoader()      .getResourceAsStream("yaml/customers.yaml");    int count = 0;    for (Object object : yaml.loadAll(inputStream)) {        count++;        assertTrue(object instanceof Customer);    }    assertEquals(2,count);}

5.生成YAML文件

SnakeYAML 支持 将java对象序列化为yml。

5.1 基本用法

我们将从一个将Map 的实例转储到YAML文档(String)的简单示例开始:

@Testpublic void whenDumpMap_thenGenerateCorrectYAML() {    Map data = new LinkedHashMap();    data.put("name", "Silenthand Olleander");    data.put("race", "Human");    data.put("traits", new String[] { "ONE_HAND", "ONE_EYE" });    Yaml yaml = new Yaml();    StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();    yaml.dump(data, writer);    String expectedYaml = "name: Silenthand Olleander
race: Human
traits: [ONE_HAND, ONE_EYE]
";    assertEquals(expectedYaml, writer.toString());}

上面的代码产生以下输出(请注意,使用LinkedHashMap的实例将保留输出数据的顺序):

name: Silenthand Olleanderrace: Humantraits: [ONE_HAND, ONE_EYE]

5.2 自定义Java对象

我们还可以选择将自定义Java类型转储到输出流中

@Testpublic void whenDumpACustomType_thenGenerateCorrectYAML() {    Customer customer = new Customer();    customer.setAge(45);    customer.setFirstName("Greg");    customer.setLastName("McDowell");    Yaml yaml = new Yaml();    StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();    yaml.dump(customer, writer);            String expectedYaml = "!!com.baeldung.snakeyaml.Customer {age: 45, contactDetails: null, firstName: Greg,
  homeAddress: null, lastName: McDowell}
";    assertEquals(expectedYaml, writer.toString());}

生成内容会包含!!com.baeldung.snakeyaml.Customer,为了避免在输出文件中使用标签名,我们可以使用库提供的 dumpAs()方法。

因此,在上面的代码中,我们可以进行以下调整以删除标记:

yaml.dumpAs(customer, Tag.MAP, null);



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