C语言文法的巴克斯范式（BNF）：

program ::= external_declaration | program external_declaration

external_declaration ::= function_definition | declaration

function_definition ::= type_specifier declarator compound_statement

type_specifier ::= VOID | CHAR | INT | FLOAT

declarator ::= pointer direct_declarator | direct_declarator

pointer ::= '*' | '*' pointer

direct_declarator ::= IDENTIFIER | direct_declarator’[‘ ‘]’

| direct_declarator ’[’ constant_expression ’]’

| IDENTIFIER '(' parameter_list ')'

| IDENTIFIER '('')'

|direct_declarator‘,’identifier_list

identifier_list ::= IDENTIFIER | identifier_list ',' IDENTIFIER

constant_expression ::= conditional_expression

parameter_list ::= parameter_declaration

| parameter_list ',' parameter_declaration

parameter_declaration ::= declaration_specifiers IDENTIFIER

compound_statement ::= '{' '}' | '{' statement_list '}'

| '{' declaration_list statement_list '}'

declaration_list ::= declaration | declaration_list declaration

declaration ::= init_declarator | init_declarator_list ',' init_declarator

init_declarator ::= declarator | declarator '=' initializer

initializer ::= assignment_expression | '{' initializer_list '}'

| '{' initializer_list ',' '}'

initializer_list ::= initializer | initializer_list ',' initializer

statement_list ::= statement | statement_list statement

statement ::= compound_statement

| expression_statement

| selection_statement

| iteration_statement

| jump_statement

expression_statement ::= ';' | expression ';'

selection_statement ::= IF '(' expression ')' statement

| IF '(' expression ')' statement ELSE statement

iteration_statement ::= WHILE '(' expression ')' statement

| FOR '(' expression_statement expression_statement ')' statement

| FOR '(' expression_statement expression_statement expression ')' statement

jump_statement ::= CONTINUE ';' | BREAK ';' | RETURN ';' | RETURN expression ';'

expression ::= assignment_expression | expression ',' assignment_expression

assignment_expression ::= conditional_expression

| unary_expression assignment_operator assignment_expression

conditional_expression ::= logical_or_expression

| logical_or_expression '?' expression ':' conditional_expression

logical_or_expression ::= logical_and_expression

| logical_or_expression OR_OP logical_and_expression

logical_and_expression ::= inclusive_or_expression

| logical_and_expression AND_OP inclusive_or_expression

inclusive_or_expression ::= exclusive_or_expression

| inclusive_or_expression '|' exclusive_or_expression

exclusive_or_expression ::= and_expression

| exclusive_or_expression '^' and_expression

and_expression ::= equality_expression

| and_expression '&' equality_expression

equality_expression ::= relational_expression

| equality_expression EQ_OP relational_expression

| equality_expression NE_OP relational_expression

relational_expression ::= shift_expression

| relational_expression '<' shift_expression

| relational_expression '>' shift_expression

| relational_expression LE_OP shift_expression

| relational_expression GE_OP shift_expression

shift_expression ::= additive_expression

| shift_expression LEFT_OP additive_expression

| shift_expression RIGHT_OP additive_expression

additive_expression ::= multiplicative_expression

| additive_expression '+' multiplicative_expression

| additive_expression '-' multiplicative_expression

multiplicative_expression ::= cast_expression

| multiplicative_expression '*' cast_expression

| multiplicative_expression '/' cast_expression

| multiplicative_expression '%' cast_expression

cast_expression ::= unary_expression | '(' type_name ')' cast_expression

unary_expression ::= postfix_expression

| INC_OP unary_expression

| DEC_OP unary_expression

| unary_operator cast_expression

| SIZEOF unary_expression

| SIZEOF '(' type_name ')'

postfix_expression ::= primary_expression

| postfix_expression '[' expression ']'

| postfix_expression '(' ')'

| postfix_expression '(' argument_expression_list ')'

| postfix_expression '.' IDENTIFIER

| postfix_expression PTR_OP IDENTIFIER

| postfix_expression INC_OP

| postfix_expression DEC_OP

primary_expression ::= IDENTIFIER

| CONSTANT

| STRING_LITERAL

| '(' expression ')'

argument_expression_list ::= assignment_expression

| argument_expression_list ',' assignment_expression

unary_operator ::= '&'| '*'| '+'| '-'| '~'| '!'

assignment_operator ::= '='| MUL_ASSIGN| DIV_ASSIGN| MOD_ASSIGN| ADD_ASSIGN

| SUB_ASSIGN| LEFT_ASSIGN

| RIGHT_ASSIGN| AND_ASSIGN| XOR_ASSIGN| OR_ASSIGN

storage_class_specifier::= TYPEDEF| EXTERN| STATIC| AUTO| REGISTER

struct_or_union_specifier ::= struct_or_union IDENTIFIER '{' struct_declaration_list '}'

| struct_or_union '{' struct_declaration_list '}'

| struct_or_union IDENTIFIER

struct_or_union::=STRUCT| UNION

struct_declaration_list::=struct_declaration

| struct_declaration_list struct_declaration

struct_declaration::=specifier_qualifier_list struct_declarator_list ';'

specifier_qualifier_list::=type_specifier specifier_qualifier_list

| type_specifier

| type_qualifier specifier_qualifier_list

| type_qualifier

struct_declarator_list::=struct_declarator

| struct_declarator_list ',' struct_declarator

struct_declarator::= declarator

| ':' constant_expression

| declarator ':' constant_expression

enum_specifier::=ENUM '{' enumerator_list '}'

| ENUM IDENTIFIER '{' enumerator_list '}'

| ENUM IDENTIFIER

enumerator_list::=enumerator

| enumerator_list ',' enumerator

Enumerator::=IDENTIFIER

| IDENTIFIER '=' constant_expression

type_qualifier::=CONST | VOLATILE

type_qualifier_list::=type_qualifier | type_qualifier_list type_qualifier

parameter_type_list::=parameter_list | parameter_list ',' ELLIPSIS

parameter_list::=: parameter_declaration | parameter_list ',' parameter_declaration

type_name::=specifier_qualifier_list | specifier_qualifier_list abstract_declarator

abstract_declarator::=pointer | direct_abstract_declarator

| pointer direct_abstract_declarator

direct_abstract_declarator::='(' abstract_declarator ')'

| '[' ']'

| '[' constant_expression ']'

| direct_abstract_declarator '[' ']'

| direct_abstract_declarator '[' constant_expression ']'

| '(' ')'

| '(' parameter_type_list ')'

| direct_abstract_declarator '(' ')'

| direct_abstract_declarator '(' parameter_type_list ')'

labeled_statement::=IDENTIFIER ':' statement

| CASE constant_expression ':' statement

| DEFAULT ':' statement

参考网页：

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