▲ 作者：SHUAI YOU, HAIPENG ZENG, YUHANG LIU, BING HAN et al.

▲ 链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.add8786

▲ 摘要：

高质量的钙钛矿光收集器和坚固的有机孔提取层是实现高性能钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSCs）的关键。

我们在混合阳离子钙钛矿中加入一种膦酸功能化富勒烯衍生物作为晶界调制剂来巩固晶体结构，提高了薄膜对光照、热和湿度的耐受性。我们还开发了一种氧化还原活性自由基聚合物氧化铵盐。它可以通过空穴注入对空穴运输材料进行有效地正掺杂，同时也缓解了锂离子的扩散情况。

我们达到了每平方厘米混合阳离子-阴离子PSCs的功率转换效率为23.5%，每17.1平方厘米微型模块的功率转换效率为21.4%。在70° ± 5°C的连续1个太阳光照下以最大功率点运作3265小时后，我们的PSCs仍保持了95.5%的初始效率。

▲ Abstract：

High-quality perovskite light harvesters and robust organic hole extraction layers are essential for achieving high-performing perovskite solar cells (PSCs). We introduce a phosphonic acid–functionalized fullerene derivative in mixed-cation perovskites as a grain boundary modulator to consolidate the crystal structure, which enhances the tolerance of the film against illumination, heat, and moisture. We also developed a redox-active radical polymer, poly(oxoammonium salt), that can effectively p-dope the hole-transporting material by hole injection and that also mitigates lithium ion diffusion. Power conversion efficiencies of 23.5% for 1-square-centimeter mixed–cation-anion PSCs and 21.4% for 17.1-square-centimeter minimodules were achieved. The PSCs retained 95.5% of their initial efficiencies after 3265 hours at maximum power point tracking under continuous 1-sun illumination at 70° ± 5°C.

▲ 作者：JIAN LI, ZIHAO REI GAO, QING-FANG LIN et al.

▲ 链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade1771

▲ 摘要：

我们报告了一种新的、高度稳定的纯二氧化硅沸石，ZEO-3。它有一个多维的、相互连接的超大型孔隙系统，通过由16和14硅酸盐四面体制成的窗口打开，这是迄今为止已知的密度最小的二氧化硅多晶型。

这种沸石是由史无前例的链状硅酸盐的一维到三维拓扑凝结而形成的。ZEO-3的比表面积超过每克1000平方米，与其他沸石和金属有机框架相比，其在挥发性有机化合物的减少和回收上表现出了较高的性能。

▲ Abstract：

We report a new, highly stable pure silica zeolite called ZEO-3, which has a multidimensional, interconnected system of extra-large pores open through windows made by 16 and 14 silicate tetrahedra, the least dense polymorph of silica known so far. This zeolite was formed by an unprecedented one-dimensional to three-dimensional (1D-to-3D) topotactic condensation of a chain silicate. With a specific surface area of more than 1000 square meters per gram, ZEO-3 showed a high performance for volatile organic compound abatement and recovery compared with other zeolites and metal-organic frameworks.

▲ 作者：XUEYUE ZHANG, EUNJONG KIM, DANIEL K. MARK et al.

▲ 链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade7651

▲ 摘要：

在此，我们提出了一个超导量子模拟器，其中量子比特通过可扩展的光子带隙超材料连接，从而实现具有可调跳距和同位作用的一维玻色-哈伯德模型。通过使用单个站点控制和读出，我们了解了多体淬灭动力学测量结果的统计特征，从而使原位哈密顿量学习成为可能。

此外，结果统计数据揭示了跳变范围增加的影响，显示了从可积性到遍历性已被预测的交叉情况。我们的工作能够研究混沌多体进化中的突发随机性，同时进一步扩展了可使用超导电路进行量子模拟的哈密顿量。

▲ Abstract：

Here, we present a superconducting quantum simulator in which qubits are connected through an extensible photonic-bandgap metamaterial, thus realizing a one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model with tunable hopping range and on-site interaction. Using individual site control and readout, we characterize the statistics of measurement outcomes from many-body quench dynamics, which enables in situ Hamiltonian learning. Further, the outcome statistics reveal the effect of increased hopping range, showing the predicted crossover from integrability to ergodicity. Our work enables the study of emergent randomness from chaotic many-body evolution and, more broadly, expands the accessible Hamiltonians for quantum simulation using superconducting circuits.

▲ 作者：BO XIONG, YU LIU, YIHAO XU et al.

▲ 链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade5140

▲ 摘要：

在科学和工程领域中，噪声通常是不被需要、却不可避免的。然而，通过将调控后的噪声引入到琼斯矩阵方案中，我们打破了源于琼斯矩阵维数约束的、超构表面偏振复用容量的基本限制。

通过使用不同偏振的单色可见光照射，我们的实验展示了多达11种独立的全息图像。据我们所知，这是极化多路复用的最高容量。结合位置复用方案，这种超表面可生成36个不同的图像，形成全息键盘图案。这一发现为高容量光学显示、信息加密和数据存储提供了新的思路。

▲ Abstract：

Noise is usually undesired yet inevitable in science and engineering. However, by introducing the engineered noise to the precise solution of Jones matrix elements, we break the fundamental limit of polarization multiplexing capacity of metasurfaces that roots from the dimension constraints of the Jones matrix. We experimentally demonstrate up to 11 independent holographic images using a single metasurface illuminated by visible light with different polarizations. To the best of our knowledge, it is the highest capacity reported for polarization multiplexing. Combining the position multiplexing scheme, the metasurface can generate 36 distinct images, forming a holographic keyboard pattern. This discovery implies a new paradigm for high-capacity optical display, information encryption, and data storage.

▲ 作者：LAUREN PETRULLO, STAN BOUTIN, JEFFREY E. LANE, ANDREW G. MCADAM et al.

▲ 链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abn0665

▲ 摘要：

生物体的表型与其环境之间的错配会导致短期的适应性成本增加。在此，我们展示了一些表型-环境错配问题可以用野生红松鼠不同类型错误的不对称代价来解释。当食物增多信号没有出现时就错误地加大生殖努力的母亲，更有可能在食物增多时正确地加大生殖努力。

然而，当即将到来的食物增多信号出现时，没有更加努力的母亲会遭受终生的健康损失，且只能通过补充食物来抵消。在情况波动的环境中，这种表型-环境不匹配可能最终导致一种高估环境线索的倾向且避免最大成本大错误，最终加强了终身健康程度。

▲ Abstract：

Mismatches between an organism’s phenotype and its environment can result in short-term fitness costs. Here, we show that some phenotype–environment mismatch errors can be explained by asymmetrical costs of different types of errors in wild red squirrels. Mothers that mistakenly increased reproductive effort when signals of an upcoming food pulse were absent were more likely to correctly increase effort when a food pulse did occur. However, mothers that failed to increase effort when cues of an upcoming food pulse were present suffered lifetime fitness costs that could only be offset through food supplementation. In fluctuating environments, such phenotype–environment mismatches may therefore reflect a bias to overestimate environmental cues and avoid making the costliest error, ultimately enhancing lifetime fitness.

▲ 作者：CHRISTOPHER C. M. KYBA, YIĞIT ÖNER ALTINTAŞ, CONSTANCE E. WALKER

▲ 链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abq7781

▲ 摘要：

夜晚的人造光是一种光污染；它随时间产生的全球变化却尚不清楚。由于照明使用情况和发射光谱的变化，照明技术的发展使测量变得更加复杂。

通过使用51351个公民科学家对肉眼恒星能见度的观测结果，我们研究了2011年至2022年全球天空亮度的变化。人类可见光波段的天空亮度每年增加了7%到10%，导致可见恒星的数量减少。这种增长比卫星观测显示的更快。我们把这种差异归因于发光的光谱变化和发光的平均角度。

▲ Abstract：

The artificial glow of the night sky is a form of light pollution; its global change over time is not well known. Developments in lighting technology complicate any measurement because of changes in lighting practice and emission spectra. We investigated the change in global sky brightness from 2011 to 2022 using 51,351 citizen scientist observations of naked-eye stellar visibility. The number of visible stars decreased by an amount that can be explained by an increase in sky brightness of 7 to 10% per year in the human visible band. This increase is faster than emissions changes indicated by satellite observations. We ascribe this difference to spectral changes in light emission and to the average angle of light emissions.